Cellular Adaptation & Gangrene (325E1) Flashcards
cell adaptation
changes that your bodies cells go through to permit survival and maintenance of cellular function, can change size or form (abnormal changes can occur)
atrophy
decreased or shrinking cell size (once a certain # of cells do this in a particular organ, the organ will be labeled atrophic)
atrophy: physiologic
related to a developmental issue (less common and usually at birth)
atrophy: pathologic
related to decreased workload or changed environmental conditions (broke right leg and now muscle doesn’t get used)
characteristics of atrophied cells
decreased protein synthesis (building) and/or increased protein catabolism (breakdown)
causes of cell atrophy
nutritional deficiencies, decreased blood supply, hormonal problems, prolonged immobility, aging
hypertrophy
increased in the size of the cell and can increase function (typically in response to mechanical stimuli)
examples of negative hypertrophy
growing of heart and kidney (heart in HNT pumps against higher resistance and the heart muscle gets bigger which isn’t goo)
examples of positive hypertrophy
a healthy adult who is working out and gaining muscle
hyperplasia
usually never a good thing increased number cells results from increased rate of cellular division response to prolong injury or severe injury (common in cancer & hormonal stimulation)
what are the only cells that have the ability to undo hyperplasia
cells with the ability to divide (skin spec. epidermal, intestinal epithelium, glandular cells)
when hyperplasia normal
-pregnancy related changes (lactating cells)
-wound healing
what can hyperplasia turn into
dysplasia (dys means wrong)
dysplasia
abnormal changes in size/shape/organization of mature cells (often associated w/ neoplastic growths aka cancer cells)
does dysplasia = cancer
no, it is a precursor to cancer