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ABSN > Abx Patho - Exam 1A > Flashcards

Abx Patho - Exam 1A Flashcards

1
Q

bacteriostatic

A

medications that slow or inhibit bacterial growth

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2
Q

bactericidal

A

medications that kill bacteria

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3
Q

examples of super infections

A

candidiasis and C.diff

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4
Q

how to choose an abx

A

1)community vs hospital acquired
2)site of infection
3)suspected organism

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5
Q

when can we give abx before culture results

A

-pt failing
-meningitis
-severe sepsis
get culture before giving abx

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6
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration vs minimum bactericidal

A

inhib: lowest amount of drug to inhibit growth
bact: lowest amount of drug to kill

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7
Q

if a pt is older, would be expected a higher or lower dose

A

lower dose

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8
Q

nosocomial infection

A

infections that occur within a healthcare facility

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9
Q

MOA of inhibiting cell wall synthesis works how

A

inhibit -> weaken cell wall -> influx of fluid in the cell -> cell swells & bursts -> cell lysis & death

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10
Q

how does penicillin disrupt cell wall synthesis

A

inhibits transpeptidases which stabilize the cell wall -> activates autolysis

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11
Q

why is nafcillin the drug of choice for staph infections

A

it is resist to penicillanse enzyme which is present in staph and can breakdown other abx before therapeutic affect works

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12
Q

what does ceftaroline not treat

A

enterobacter, pseudomonas, ESBL & klebsiella

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13
Q

when should a peak be drawn

A

15-30 mins after a drug is given

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14
Q

when should a trough be drawn

A

immediately before next dose ~about 30 mins before admin time~

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15
Q

what drug causes red man syndrome

A

vancomycin

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16
Q

what drug would you not give to someone with bone pain / what drug would you stop if someone develops bone pain

A

ciprofloxacin

17
Q

who is at highest risk for HIV

A

black men who have sex w/ men

18
Q

what is a retrovirus

A

a type of virus that uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to translate its genetic information into DNA gets into the cell then tells DNA to make more of the HIV enzyme

19
Q

patho of HIV/Aids

A

-cannot replicate outside of living host cell
-contains only RNA, no DNA
-destroys body’s ability to fight infection
-infects CD4 cells

20
Q

HIV targets CD4 proteins on

A

T cells (long term immune memory), monocytes and macrophages

21
Q

HIV integrase

A

a viral enzyme that brings HIV DNA into genetic material of infected cell

22
Q

HIV protease

A

responsible for the virus particles that are released to attack, replicate and release more virus (final stage of virus production)

23
Q

stage 1 HIV

A

-rapid replication
-no symptoms, not detectable yet
infectious

24
Q

seroconversion (part of HIV stage 1)

A

-HIV antibodies are now detectable
-flu like symptoms
highly infectious

25
Q

stage 2 HIV

A

-clinical latency: body is fighting infection (can do for years)
-asym or mild sym

26
Q

rapid virus production during stage 2 HIV

A

body struggling to fight, persistent drop in CD4 cells & T cells
antivirals become less effective & viral load increases

27
Q

stage 3 HIV

A

symptomatic HIV -> AIDS

28
Q

HIV goal

A

high CD4, low viral loads
as CD4 lowers, viral load rises

29
Q

aids defining conditions

A

-Kaposi’s sarcoma
-wasting syndrome
-invasive cervical cancers
-pervasive candidiasis
-pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
-HIV related encephalopathy
-mycobacterium TB
-aids dementia complex

30
Q

what CD4 count is a dx of aids

A

<200 (w/ or w/o aids defining condition)

31
Q

oral manifestations is very common in HIV, if symptoms occur and CD4 count is still >350, what does this mean for treatment

A

infection is increasing so need to reevaluate med doses and education patient on infection prevention

32
Q

can HIV or CD4 cells cross the blood brain barrier

A

HIV

33
Q

aids dementia complex

A

-poor concentration
-mental slowness/memory loss
-behavior changes
-difficulty finds words
-depression
-motor/speech/balance/visual probs

34
Q

how is HIV transmitted

A

-sex w/o condom
-passed from mother to baby (2% if mom is treated, 30% if untreated)
-sharing injection equipment
-contaminated blood transfusions/transplants

35
Q

how is HIV not transmitted

A

-kissing / hugging
-sharing food
-insect bites
-toilet seats
-bathing
-sneezing/coughs
-sweat

36
Q

risky behaviors related to HIV transmission

A

-men having sex w/ men
-injection drug use
-heterosexual contact
-birth (perinatal transmission)

37
Q

the higher the viral load,

A

the higher chance of spreading infection

38
Q

post exposure prophylaxis

A

if exposed, take ART therapy for 28 days -> test immediately after exposure, 6 wks after exposure & then 12 weeks after exposure

ABSN (145 decks)

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