OCD (329 E3) Flashcards
obsessions
Unwanted, intrusive, and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that that persist and recur so that they cannot be dismissed from the mind even though the individual attempts to do so
The obsessions experienced or expressed are often not consistent with the individual’s self-perception or usual thought pattern causing extreme distress
examples of obsessions
fear of contamination, need for symmetry, thoughts of hurting someone
compulsions
Behaviors that are performed repeatedly, in a ritualistic fashion, with the goal of preventing or relieving anxiety and distress caused by obsessions
compulsive act temporary reduces anxiety but bc relief is only temporary, the compulsive act must be repeated
examples of compulsions
hand washing, touching things in sequence, counting things, locking & unlocking doors
**but it to an extent that it interferes with their daily life
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD) overview
Repetitive unwanted thoughts/obsessions
Repeated activities/rituals compulsions
Time consuming, may be distressing to individual, friends, family members
OCD key facts
Symptom onset of the disorder is gradual
Often feel humiliation or shame regarding behaviors
Cognition may be impaired
Stress can increase OCD symptoms
Sexual and physical abuse or trauma in childhood increases the risk
Genetic are strongly associated with OCD
OCD tends to occur along w/
anxiety disorders
OCD treatment
very difficult to treat, helps decrease sx but not a cure
SSRIs
CBT
Exposure therapies
deep brain stimulations (for 18+)
transcranial magnetic stimulation
SSRIs for ODC
clomipramine
fluvoxamine
fluoxetine
paroxetine
sertraline
CBT for OCD
provides exposure and response prevention which involves gradually exposing the person to a feared object or obsession such as dirt and having them learn ways to resist the urge to do the compulsive rituals
OCD in children & adolescents
Obsessions and/or compulsions - when thoughts persist even when they want them to go away
these thoughts occur for more than 1hr per day & interfere w/ their activities
1/3 of affected adults reported onset in childhood
treatment for OCD in children & adolescents
meds:
-clompiramine
-fluvoxamine
-fluoxetine
-sertraline
Therapy:
-behavior therapy (exposure & response prevention)
-CBT (for adolescents only)
body dysmorphic disorder
Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others; most common is the skin, hair, and nose, stomach, teeth, weight and breast/chest
Results in obsessional thinking and compulsive behaviors (such as checking the mirror and camouflaging, excessive grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking) or mental acts (comparing appearance to others) in response to the appearance concerns
The preoccupations are intrusive, unwanted, time-consuming and difficult to control and may lead to embarrassment, shame, anxiety, disgust and depression
there is a high risk for what w/ body dysmorphic disorder
suicide
treatment for body dysmorphic disorder
chronic so response to treatment is limited
-CBT
-SSRI’s
-biofeedback, meditation and relaxation strategies
hoarding disorder
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their value
The hoarding causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
Symptoms usually emerge in adolescence, begin to interfere in functioning in the 20’s, and significantly impair functioning in the 30’s. The condition worsens with each decade of life
may or may not be aware there is a problem
hoarding disorder is often experienced with
MDD
anxiety disorders
OCD
what is a major concern for individuals with hoarding disorder
safety
trichotillomania
Recurrent hair pulling may occur from any region on the body; the most common areas are the scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes
For some, the pain brought on by hair pulling reduces their anxiety; Most individuals may be unaware of their behavior until they notice a wad of hair close by
The hair pulling causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning
trichotillomania treatment
behavioral therapy
SSRIs
excoriation disorder (skin picking)
Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions
Most picked areas are the face, arms, & hands
In addition to skin picking, there may be skin rubbing, squeezing, lancing, or biting
May engage in skin picking as a way to deal with stress and relieve anxiety, whereas others may engage in this activity without thinking about it
The skin picking causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning
excoriation disorder treatment
SSRIs
CBT
excoriation disorder is commonly seen with
OCD & trichotillomania
