anemia patho - Exam 1B

Question 1

abnormal anemia

Answer 1

sickle cell disease

Question 2

decreased Hgb content

Answer 2

loss of iron & loss of key nutrients
hypochromic/pale

Question 3

decreased number of circulating erythrocytes

Answer 3

decreased production
increased destruction
blood loss

Question 4

iron is essential for

Answer 4

normal hgb production

Question 5

folate & B12 are necessary for

Answer 5

normal DNA synthesis of RBCs

Question 6

in megaloblastic anemia, MCV is

Answer 6

increased

Question 7

in iron def anemia, MCV is

Answer 7

decreased

Question 8

clinical manifestations of all anemias (mild - mod)

Answer 8

-fatigue/weakness
-tachycardia
-dyspnea

Question 9

clinical manifestations of all anemias (mod - sev)

Answer 9

-increased HR & RR
-hypotension
-pallor
-faintness
-cardio probs

Question 10

etiologies of IDA

Answer 10

decreased intake, impaired absorption, increased demand and excessive loss

Question 11

people at risk for IDA

Answer 11

people w/ poor intake, elderly, teens with heavy periods

Question 12

IDA clinical manifestations

Answer 12

-smooth tongue
-glossitis
-mouth ulcers
-cheilosis
-koilonychia
-pica
in childhood cognitive deficits

Question 13

megaloblastic anemia is most common in the

Answer 13

elderly

Question 14

causes of B12 deficiency anemia

Answer 14

-atrophic gastritis , IF not produced
-crohns, celiac
-pernicious anemia (autoimmune)

Question 15

clinical manifestations of B12 def anemia

Answer 15

-neuropathy
-ataxia (poor muscle control)
-glossitis
-dementia/psychosis

Question 16

folate deficiency is caused by

Answer 16

decreased intake, not absorption
-alcoholism bc folate is stored in liver
-diet
-cirrhosis
increased needs like during pregnancy & intake

Question 17

anemia of chronic kidney disease is caused by

Answer 17

impaired erythropoietin production epo is made in the kidneys & is released to tell bone marrow to make more RBCs

Question 18

aplastic anemia is caused by

Answer 18

bone marrow stem failure d/t autoimmune disease
-chemo/radiation
-complicated infection

Question 19

clinical manifestations of aplastic anemia

Answer 19

low RBCs, WBCs & platelets

Question 20

treatment for aplastic anemia

Answer 20

whole blood transfusion, bone marrow transplant, immunosuppressants, drugs to stim erythropoiesis

Question 21

what is acquired hemolytic anemia & what causes it

Answer 21

premature destruction of RBCs caused by external agent
-autoimmune attack
-blood incompatibilities
-drug reaction
-severe burn

Question 22

clinical manifestations of acquired hemolytic anemia

Answer 22

-low hgb
-increased reticulocyte (immature RBC) count
-mild jaundice
-hemoglobinuira

Question 23

triggers of sickle cell anemia

Answer 23

dehydration, stress, high altitudes, fever, extreme temps

Question 24

clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia

Answer 24

-swelling of hands & feet
-pain
-clogged vessels

Question 25

treatment of sickle cell anemia

Answer 25

1) oxygen
2) hydration
3) pain mgt
antimetabolite drugs
blood transfusion
genetic counseling

Question 26

thalassemia

Answer 26

genetic disorder occurring mostly in person of mediterranean descent
-severe cases can lead to death in childhood d/t heart failure, live to 30s w/ treatment
lack of one of two proteins that make up hemoglobin, alpha & beta globin

Question 27

clinical manifestations of thalassemia

Answer 27

-delayed growth
-fatigue
-dyspnea
-hepatomegaly
-splenomegaly
-bone deformities
-jaundice

Question 28

occult blood loss

Answer 28

GI bleed, retropertoneal bleed

Question 29

in secondary polycythemia, increased blood viscosity & volume causes

Answer 29

-HTN (headaches, low concentration, ruddy face, cyanosis)
-DVT
-hemorrhage
-angina
-cerebral insufficiency
-tIA

Question 30

in secondary polycythemia, hyper-metabolism causes

Answer 30

-night sweats
-weight loss

Question 31

in secondary polycythemia, increase RBC and H&H cause

Answer 31

-itching (pruritus)
-pain in fingers and toes