personality disorders (329 E2) Flashcards
Cluster A: eccentric
paranoid , schizoid, schiotypal
the people who PaSS on the party
-segregate & remove themselves from other people
-negative schiz sx
-do not lose contact w/ reality
-can be made aware of their thinking
Cluster B: erratic
borderline
narcissistic
histrionic
antisocial
Cluster C: anxious
avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive
what is personality
The characteristics and behavior that comprise a person’s unique adjustment to life, including major traits, interests, drives, values, self-concept, abilities, and emotional patterns. Personality helps determine behavior
personality disorder
-An enduring pattern of deviant inner experiences and behavior
-Differ from cultural expectations
-Pervasive, inflexible, and stable
-Leads to distress or impairment
-Dysfunctions in cognition, impulse control, relationships, and affect
risk factors for personality disorders
-genetic & neurobiological
-psychosocial & environmental
-diathesis stress model
most common symptoms occurring in personality disorders
-impairment in interpersonal relationships
-dysfunction in cognition
-dysfunction in affect
-dysfunction in impulse control
overall treatment for personality disorders
-psychopharm
-therapy
-DBT
-family education & therapy
-social skills training groups
-group therapy
prognosis for personality disorders
treatable bc people continue to grow and change throughout life but prognosis is dependent on degree of impairment and person’s motivation
PD features and dx criteria
A specific and notable pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that has the following characteristics:
1) Enduring and persistent over time
2) Pervasive: across a broad range of situations
3) Involves both inner experience and external behavior
4) Differs significantly from individual’s culture
5) Involves two or more areas of functioning: thinking, feeling, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
6) Leads to significant distress/impairment in social, legal, occupational, financial, safety, etc.
7) Not better accounted for by another mental health condition
8) Not better accounted for by the direct physiological effects of a substance
9) Not accounted for by a medical condition
all cluster A personality disorders have
negative sx of schizophrenia
cluster A: schizotypal
distorted reality
-odd ideas
-eccentricity
-unusual experiences
-superstition, religiosity
-suspiciousness
-reclusiveness
cluster A: paranoid
delusional/paranoid
-paranoia
-distrustful nature
-doubts loyalty
-keeps grudges
-easily offended
cluster A: schizoid
soical withdrawal
-aloof
-uninterested in others
-solitary, socially withdrawn
-unaffected by praise and criticism
paranoid personality disorder
-Longstanding intense distrust and suspicion
-Reluctant to confide in others, anxious
-Jealous, controlling as adults
-Unwillingness to forgive & vindictive
-Hypervigilant, quick to anger, provoke others
occur w/o substance use or psychotic episodes
group therapy and paranoid PA
it is very scary for them but the feedback and social interaction is really good if we can get them to go
paranoid personality disorder guidelines for care
-Counteracting mistrust
-Adhere to schedules & boundaries (esp. when threatening)
-Avoid being overly friendly but acknowledge feelings
-Use simple, direct language
-Project a neutral but kind affect
schizoid personality disorder
-Loners, poor academic performance
-Increased prevalence of disordered family life
-Avoid close relationships
-Depersonalization, detachment
-Cold, detached, distant
schizoid personality disorder guidelines for care
-Avoid being too “nice” or “friendly”
-Do not try to increase socialization
-Assess for symptoms the patient is reluctant to discuss
-Protect against group’s ridicule
-Respect personal space while encouraging participation
schizotypal personality disorder
-Severe social and interpersonal deficits
-Rambling conversation
-Paranoia, suspiciousness, anxiety, distrust, odd and eccentric
-Brief episodes of hallucination or delusion
-Can be made aware of their odd beliefs and magical thinking (might be seen in cults)
schizotypal personality disorder guidelines for care
-Respect patient’s need for social isolation.
-Be aware of and intervene appropriately with patient’s suspiciousness.
-Reinforce socially appropriate behavior and dress
-Perform careful diagnostic assessment for symptoms that may need intervention (e.g., suicidal thoughts).
-use low dose psychotics and supportive psychological care
borderline personality disorder
-Suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats; or self-mutilating behavior
-Affective instability, mood swings
-Identity disturbance: Feelings of emptiness, dysphoria, & boredom
-Intense anger or difficulty controlling anger
-Paranoid ideation or severe dissociation
-Efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
-Unstable interpersonal relationships
-Identity disturbances
-Impulsivity in at least two areas that are self-damaging (spending, sex, substance abuse…)
-View themselves as victims
splitting
a defense mechanism in which they are unable to integrate and accept both positive and negative feelings
-people (including themselves) & life situations are either all good or all bad
commonly seen in borderline PD
borderline personality disorder guidelines to care
-Comprehensive assessment: risk assessment and emotional triggers
-Building trust and therapeutic relationships with consistency, empathy, and validation
-Teaching coping strategies for emotional regulation
-Setting boundaries and conflict resolution
-Safety! they live in crisis so have a safety plan and people to call in an emergency
