Abx pharm pt.2 - Exam 1A Flashcards

1
Q

what class are Gentamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

aminoglycosides MOA

A

Binds to the bacterial ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gentamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin indications

A

UTI/pyelonephritis, gynecological infections, peritonitis, endocarditis, PNA, osteomyelitis (DM related infections)
COMPLICATED INFECTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gentamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin SE

A

Nephrotoxicity (reversible)
Ototoxicity (nonreversible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gentamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin nursing consideratiosn

A

Peak & troughs level drawn

Dose by renal function

Often used with beta-lactam abx or vancomycin

works well on gram -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gentamycin SE

A

confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, & tingling (CNS)
cochlear damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gentamycin nursing considerations

A

Try to not give w/ a neuromuscular blockage (paralytic) d/t resp distress (myasthenia gravis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what class is clindamycin

A

lincosamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clindamycin indication

A

Chronic bone infections, GU infections, intraabdominal infections, anaerobic pneumonia, septicemia, serious skin infections, prophylaxis for endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

clindamycin SE

A

Very toxic

Can cause deadly pseudomembranous colitis (complication of diarrhea causing bloody stools, GI distress, and diarrhea -> c.diff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clindamycin nursing considerations

A

All Enterobacter bacteria (VRE, CRE) are resistant to clindamycin

Monitor for neuromuscular blockade meds

Peak & trough levels

if pt develops c.diff, get off med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clindamycin MOA

A

Binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what class are Erythromycin and Azithromycin (Z-pack)

A

macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

macrolides MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
(bacteriostatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Erythromycin and Azithromycin indications

A

Various infections of upper and lower respiratory infections, skin infections, soft tissue infections, STIs (esp gonorrhea)

Legionnaire’s, listeria, mycoplasma pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Erythromycin and Azithromycin SE

A

“yuck drugs” GI side effect profile is intense

Z-pack has less GI upset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Erythromycin and Azithromycin nursing considerations

A

Erythromycin has hypomotility benefits for diabetic gastroparesis & increased gastric motility and emptying

Does not cross BBB

Do not take erythromycin on empty stomach but
Take Z-pack on empty stomach bc food decreases absorption

Lots of drug-drug interactions

Z-pack lasts longer

18
Q

what class are Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline

A

Tetreacyclines

19
Q

Tetreacyclines MOA

A

Bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

20
Q

Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline indications

A

Rickettsia, chlamydia (doxy) & trichomonas, lyme disease, cholera, pelvic inflammatory disease, mycoplasma pneumonia, acne (doxy & extended release mino), neisseria meningitides (mino), rheumatoid arthritis (mino)

21
Q

Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline SE

A

Discoloration of the permanent teeth and tooth enamel
Hypoplasia in fetuses & children
Photosensitivity
Diarrhea
Yeast infections
Thrombocytopenia

22
Q

Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline nursing considerations

A

Contraindications: pregnant/nursing, children younger than 8 yrs d/t damage to teeth

Take tetracycline while fasting (only PO)

23
Q

tetracycline SE

A

-N/V
-headaches
-dizziness
-angioedema

24
Q

what class are Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones

25
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA

26
Q

Ciprofloxacin indications

A

UTI & STIs (not first choice), upper & lower respiratory infections and bacillus anthraics aka anthrax

27
Q

Levofloxacin indications

A

pneumococcal & atypical respiratory infections

28
Q

Ciprofloxacin SE

A

Arthropathy (joint disease -> non reversible)

29
Q

Ciprofloxacin nursing considerations

A

minimal penetration of the BBB/CSF

works well on rapid & slow growing bacteria

avoid in pts <18 yr & >60yr

used less than Levofloxacin

broad spectrum but mostly gram -

concentrates in the neutrophils

30
Q

Levofloxacin SE

A

CNS disorders that predispose to seizures, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QY interval, photosensitivity

31
Q

Levofloxacin nursing considerations

A

broad spectrum but mostly gram -

100% bioavailability when taken orally

32
Q

what class is Sulfamethoxale + Trimethoprim (Bactrim)

A

Sulfonamides

33
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

Doesn’t actually destroy bacteria but inhibits their growth (bacteriostatic by preventing the synthesis of folic acid needed for DNA synthesis)

34
Q

Sulfamethoxale + Trimethoprim (Bactrim) SE

A

“sulfa allergies” -> start w/ fever and then follows with a skin rash
photosensitivity

35
Q

Sulfamethoxale + Trimethoprim (Bactrim) indications

A

Uncomplicated UTIs (1st choice drug), respiratory infections, salmonella, shigellosis

36
Q

Sulfamethoxale + Trimethoprim (Bactrim) nursing considerations

A

Often give to patients w/ HIV

37
Q

what class is Metronidazole (flagyl)

A

Metronidazoles

38
Q

Metronidazoles MOA

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

39
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) indications

A

H.pylori, trichomoniasis, bactria vaginosis, intraabdominal infections, Crohn’s disease and C.diff

40
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) SE

A

N/v
Xerostomia
Vaginal candidiasis

41
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) nursing considerations

A

Works against antibacterial and antiprotozoal

Only anerobic bacteria

Do not take with alcohol (cannot drink 24 hrs before starting and wait at least 36 hrs after last dose)