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ABSN > Immunity (325E1) > Flashcards

Immunity (325E1) Flashcards

1
Q

3 processes of inflammation

A

1) destroy invading and harmful agents
2) limit the spread of harmful agents
3) prepare damaged tissue for repair

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2
Q

when is inflammation a problem

A

when left unchecked

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3
Q

what are the 5 signs of localized inflammation

A

redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

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4
Q

exogenous causes of inflammation

A

“we did something to our body” falls, burns, surgery, trauma

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5
Q

endogenous causes of inflammation

A

(lack of O2) tissue ischemia

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6
Q

acute inflammation

A

<2 weeks

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7
Q

chronic inflammation

A

> 2 weeks

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8
Q

what type of mechanism is inflammation

A

a protective mechanism that begins the healing process

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9
Q

events of inflammation

A

1) tissue injury or bacterial antigens (stimulates response)
2) vasodilation and increased vascular permeabiltiy
3) leukocyte recruitment & emigration (chemotaxis)
4) phagocytosis of antigens and debris

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10
Q

chemotaxis

A

process by which neutrophils are attracted to inflamed tissue

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11
Q

exudate: serous

A

watery, low protein, mild inflammation good kind

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12
Q

exudate: serosanguineous

A

pink tinged fluid, small amounts of RBC usually normal in post opt events

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13
Q

exudate: purulent (can be called fibrinous)

A

severe inflammation with bacterial infection, neutrophils, protein, and debris (abscesses may require draining) ** more concerning, thick & sticky**

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14
Q

exudate: hemorrhagic

A

lots of RBCs, most severe inflammation can be confused w/ bleeding, consider there might be bleeding else where and there is a problem

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15
Q

cytokines are responsible for what

A

systemic manifestations of inflammation

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16
Q

what are the signs of systemic inflammation

A

fever
-increased neutrophils (wbc)
-lethargy
-muscle catabolism
find source of infection

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17
Q

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

-cluster of genes on chromosome 6 (aka human leukocyte antigen)
- makes protein for cell surfaces so they can identify themselves as self cells

18
Q

what does MHC tell us about

A

specific adaptive immunity

19
Q

specific adaptive immunity

A

is an effective & adaptive defense mechanism

20
Q

what does specific adaptive immunity do

A

-recognize invaders
-destroys invaders
-retains memory of the invader (the adaptive part)

21
Q

what cells are responsible for the memory immunity

A

B cells (humoral -> fluid) & T cells (cell mediated-> responses to cell surfaces), they are lymphocytes (wbc) they do not react to self tissue

22
Q

B cells: memory cells

A

cells that remember exposure to antigen (cancer, bacteria, infection)

23
Q

MHC proteins are used to

A

discriminate between self and non self

24
Q

B cells: plasma cells

A

cells that secrete antibodies (short lived, circulation in blood & bind to antigen that triggered their production)

25
Q

humoral immunity is also called what

A

antibody immunity bc antibodies produced are found in the body’s fluid

26
Q

antibodies

A

created by our own cells and are also known as immunoglobulins

27
Q

5 classes of antibodies

A

1) IgG
2) IgM
3) IgA
4) IgD
5) IgE

28
Q

IgG

A

most common, 75-80%, protects against bacterial and viral infections produced once an infection has been on going or resolved & can easily leave bloodstream and go into tissues

29
Q

examples of IgG antibodies

A

pervious infection or vaccine

30
Q

IgM

A

10%, activates compliment for cytotoxic functions for early, recent infections, 1st to be produced and signal

31
Q

IgA

A

secretory functions, protects against infections found in saliva, tears, GI/GU & breastmilk

32
Q

IgD

A

trace amounts in serum, more on B cells, stimulates B cells to multiply and differentiate **& secrete other immunoglobulins

33
Q

IgE

A

role in immunity against parasites and allergic reactions, signaling of mast cell degranulation

34
Q

what are the two forms of adaptive immunity

A

passive and active immunity

35
Q

passive immunity

A

-transfer of plasma containing antibodies from an immunized person to non immunized per
- mother to fetus (IgG cross placenta, IgA in BM so vaccinated mom can pass that)
-injection of antibodies not a vaccine, like actual plasma w/ the antibodies

36
Q

active immunity

A

-protected state due to body’s own immune response
-active infections
-vaccines

37
Q

vaccines: traditional

A

inactive or killed organism

38
Q

vaccines: attenuated

A

weakened organisms that are still considered live

39
Q

vaccines: toxoids

A

inactive toxins that stimulate production of antitoxin (ex: tetanus)

40
Q

vaccines: conjugate

A

protein or toxoid from one organism attached to a disease causing organism to stimulate response (ex: H influ type B)

41
Q

who cannot receive a attenuated vaccine

A

people w/ weak immune systems (spec diseases: lung, heart, kidney or metabolic)

42
Q

mRNA

A

takes a piece of the genetic code of a virus and teaches your antibodies to respond

ABSN (161 decks)

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