drug matrix exam 2 Flashcards
insulin lispro
-rapid
-15min ; 1-2 hr ; 2-4 hr
human regular
-short
-30 to 60 min ; 2-6 hr ; 3-8 hr
-can use for meals or longer
-tube feedings
NPH
-intermediate
-2 to 4 hr ; 4-10 hr ; 10-20 hr
-cloudy, use immediately
-usually given twice a day
-when combining, pull up 2nd
glargine
-long acting
-70 min ; x ; all day
-1x per day , usually night
-never mix
glipizide & glyburide MOA
binding and closing the K-ATP channels in the pancreatic beta cells thereby stimulating secretion of insulin [increases sensitivity & reduces release of glucose]
more insulin
(a marriage is binding)
glipizide & glyburide side effects
hypoglycemia (brides no longer eat the cake, low sugar)
glipizide & glyburide nursing considerations
-do not take during pregnancy
-ETOH, NSAIDS, tagament, sulfa based ATB potentiates side effects
(brides shouldn’t be pregnant or drunk at their wedding & downing NSAIDs)
metformin MOA
lowers BG by decreasing production of glucose in the liver & enhances glucose uptake & utilization by muscle
(met for my muscles, min glucose in liver)
metformin side effects
-abdominal bloating
-N/V/D
-risk for acidosis in pts w/ elevated creatinine
(contract looks like acid metabolic acidosis and that would cause stomach upset & kidney dys)
metformin nursing considerations
-monitor serum glucose
-give 30 mins before meals
-must be held 48 hrs before IV contrast
-do not use in pts w/ elevated ALT levels
-do not use in those w/ HR, kidney disease, liver disease, or excessive alc
-onset is several weeks w/ peak at 2-4 wk
-low risk of hypogly
therapeutic usages of metformin
glycemic control, prevent type 2, polycystic ovarian syndrome
linagliptin, sazagliptin & sitagliptin MOA
inhibits DPP4 (a hormone that inactivates the incretin hormone)
-increases insulin release by enhancing incretin activity
-reduces glucagon release
-decreases glucose production
-slows down digestion
4 things to reduce BG
linagliptin, sazagliptin & sitagliptin side effects
-N/D & stomach pain
-flu like symptoms
-skins reactions
-increased risk for pancreatitis
(zach got panc which caused the flu w/ stomach probs & a rash)
linagliptin, sazagliptin & sitagliptin nursing considerations
-indicated in combo w/ diet & life styles changes
-can be used alone or w/ metformin
-low chance of hypoglycemia
(Z&C life, 1 or 2 twins, never low bc hotel buffet)
DPP4 inhibitors
linagliptin, sazagliptin & sitagliptin
GLP-1 receptor agonists
dulaglutide, exenatide & semaglutide
dulaglutide, exenatide & semaglutide MOA
enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion & inhibits postprandial release of glucagon & suppressive appetite (don’t eat a tide pod, the pod release so if we dont eat them they wont, need proper food for insulin)
dulaglutide, exenatide & semaglutide side effects
-N/D/V
-injection site reactions
-headache
-upper respiratory infections
-wt loss
(salt water from the tide is irritating when u drink or inject it, can cause infection & wt loss)
dulaglutide, exenatide & semaglutide nursing considerations
-BBW: risk of thyroid c cellls tumors (contraindicated for people who have hx of thyroid & endocrine probs)
-not recommended for pt w/ ESRD
-given subQ
-peak in 2 hr
-usually used with metformin
(avoid the glup w/ subQ)
dapafliflozin MOA
prevents the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into the blood (pee out extra glucose & less is reabsorbed d/t blocking of sodium-glucose transport proteins)
sodium - glucose cotransport ER 2 (SLG2) inhibitors
dapafliflozin
dapafliflozin side effects
-increased risk for UTI &genital mycotic infections
-hypotension, fainting, dizziness, fatigue
(urine is flozin so dyhydrated)
dapafliflozin nursing considerations
-do not give to someone with ESRD
-not FDA approved for T1 DM
-can give w/ other DM meds
-starting to be used for heart failure
(zins are not FDA approved)
what drugs should not be given to renal pts
-GLP1
-SLG2
-metformin
-ketorolac
-napronxen [hardest on kidneys]
what is the hypoglycemia antidote
glucagon
glucagon MOA
activates hepatic glucagon receptors, stimulates glycogenolysis and release of glucose
-short half life so many need multiple doses
orlistat MOA
binds to gastric and pancreatic enzymes and blocks these enzymes reduces fat absorption by 30%
orlistat side effects
BBW: liver injury
-GI symptoms, oily spotting, flatulence & fecal incontinence [can reduce by reducing fat intake]
-decreases vitamin concentrations
(oils is fat, think signs of fat malab.)
orlistat nursing considerations
-3 months to show effect
-must be taking a multi vitamin
-teach diet and lifestyle
-best for BMI >30 or >27 w/ other risks
(low nut in obese so vits, wt loss doesnt happen over night)
cholinesterase inhibitor
donzepezil (I get Z’s in a nest)
NMDA receptor antagonist
memantine (no more dementia)
donzepezil MOA
works centrally in the brain to increase levels of acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterasae &relaxes smooth muscle (chol is in class name, increase smaller word)
donzepezil side effects
-GI upset
-drowsy
-dizzy
-insomnia
-muscle cramping
-bradycardia & reflex tachy
-syncope
donzepezil nursing considerations
-do not take with NSAIDs if GI upset is present
-give at bedtime w/ food
-find way to make sure pt doesn’t forget
-indicated for mild to moderate AD
memantine MOA
blocks the stimulation of NMDA receptors believed to be associated w/ AD
memantine side effects
uncommon
-confusion, hypotension, headache, dizziness, constipation (take fiber)
-indicated for moderate to severe AD
-can give with or without food
(me take fiber)
centrally acting analgesic
tramadol