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ABSN > Schizophrenia (329 E1) > Flashcards

Schizophrenia (329 E1) Flashcards

1
Q

schizophrenia definition

A

a psychosis characterized by abnormalities in perception, content of thought and thought process, and extensive withdrawal of one’s interest from individuals and the outside world
a disconnection to the mind

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2
Q

Psychosis definition

A

a state in which the individual is experiencing hallucinations, delusions or disorganized thoughts, speech or behavior
caused by schizophrenia and mood disorders like bipolar

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3
Q

schizophrenia interferes w/ person’s ability to

A

-think clearly
-manage emotions
-make decisions
-relate to others

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4
Q

peak onset of schizophrenia

A

men: 15-25 years of age
women: 25-35 years of age

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5
Q

etiology of schizophrenia

A

-genetics
-environmental
-brain chemistry (problems w/ neurotransmitter, dopamine & glutamate)
-substance use

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6
Q

comorbidity of schizophrenia

A

-substance use disorder
-nicotine dependence
-anxiety/depression/SI
-DM
-CVD
-obesity
-malignant neoplasm
-HIV/AIDS
-osteoporosis
-Hep C

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7
Q

schizophrenia: positive symptoms

A

can be thought of as sx that exist but should not be there
-alterations in perception (paranoia, delusions, hallucinations)
-altered speech
-alterations in behavior
-alterations in thought

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8
Q

paranoia

A

-an irrational fear, ranging from mild to profound
-a deep mistrust or suspicion of others
-may result in dangerous defensive actions
-paranoia can develop into delusional thoughts

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9
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs that are held despite a lack of evidence to support them and aren’t corrected w/ reasoning
feels very real to patient

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10
Q

delusions: persecutory

A

belief that one is being watched, plotted against, ridiculed

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11
Q

delusions: referential

A

belief that events or circumstances that have no connection to you are somehow related to you

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12
Q

delusions: grandiose

A

belief that one a powerful or important person

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13
Q

delusions: erotomanic

A

believing that another person desires you reomantically

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14
Q

delusions: nihilistic

A

the delusion of nonexistence: a fixed belief that the mind, body or the world at large - or parts thereof - no longer exists

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15
Q

delusions: somatic

A

belief that the body is changing in unusual ways

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16
Q

delusions: religious

A

belief that they have a special relationship w/ god or are on a mission for god, or that they are sinners

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17
Q

delusions: control

A

belief that another person, group or external force controls your thoughts, feelings, impulses or behavior

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18
Q

intervening w/ delusion

A

-remain calm, acknowledge and accept the patient’s experience and feelings
-encourage pt to express feelings and convey empathy about the patient’s fearfulness
-provide reassurance about intentions & present reality
-focus on helping the pt feel safe, focus on the fear and not the delusion

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19
Q

when communicating w/ the patient having a delusion

A

build rapport and trust by being open, honest and genuine
-ask pt to describe the delusion
-validate if part of the delusion is real and present reality
-never debate or argue the delusional content
-assess the intensity, frequency and duration
-what triggered

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20
Q

can you clarify a delusion for a pt

A

it is helpful to clarify misinterpretations of the environment and gently suggest, as tolerated, a more reality based perspective

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21
Q

documenting delusions

A

-type of delusion experienced, content/theme, and the characteristics
-use the patient’s own words
-the pt behavior

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22
Q

hallucinations

A

-alterations in perceptions that involve errors in how one interprets perceptions or perceives reality
-occurs when a person perceives a sensory experience for which non external source exists

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23
Q

5 senses of hallucinations

A

-auditory: hearing voices or sounds
-visual: seeing people or things
-olfactory: smelling odors
-gustatory: experiencing tastes
-tactile: feeling body sensations

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24
Q

command hallucinations

A

-auditory hallucinations in the form of commands that instruct a patient to act in a specific way
-the content of the commands can range in seriousness from innocuous (not harmful) to dangerous, including commands to cause harm to self or other

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25
Q

intervening w/ hallucinations

A

-introduce self to pt to gain rapport, trust and to help develop the nurse pt relationship
-approach the pt in a non threatening and calm manner
-reassure the pt that they are safe
-ask direct questions about type and content

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26
Q

assessment for hallucinations

A

-moving eyes back & forth
-muttering or talking to self or object
-appearing distracted
-suddenly stopping conversation as if interrupted
-intently watching a vacant area of the room

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27
Q

hallucination: documentation

A

-type experienced, content/theme, & the characteristics
-use pt’s own words
-the pt’s behavior prior to assessment for hallucinations and behaviors during the hallucination
-any actions taken to help the patient during the hallucination

28
Q

teach pt w/ hallucination to

A

-manage stress & stim
-use other sounds to compete w/ hallucination
-find out what is and isn’t real
-engage in activities that can take your mind off the hallucination
-talk
-make contact w/ others
-develop a plan for how to cope w/ hallucinations

29
Q

alterations in speech: circumstantiality

A

extremely detailed & lengthy conversation about a topic but gets eventually to the point

30
Q

alterations in speech: tangentiality

A

wandering off topic or going off on tangents and never reaching the point

31
Q

alterations in speech: loose associations

A

absence of normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas & topics

ex: my friend talks about french fries but how can you trust the french

32
Q

alterations in speech: flight of ideas

A

topic of conversation changes repeatefly & rapidly w/ only superficial associative connections, making it difficult for others to follow

ex: a man begins talking about his business but quickly shifts to discussing the economy, the government and other countries

33
Q

alterations in speech: echolalia

A

repetition of another’s words, pathological repetition of another word

34
Q

alterations in speech: clang association

A

choosing words based on their sound rather than their meaning; often involves a rhyme or similar beginning sounds

ex: “i heard the bell. Well hell then i fell”

35
Q

alterations in speech: symbolic speech

A

using words based on what they symbolize, not what they mean

ex: a pt reports “demons are sticking needles in me” when what he means is he is experiencing a sharp pain

36
Q

alterations in speech: pressured speech

A

urgent or intense speech; reluctance to allow comments from others

37
Q

alterations in speech: world salad

A

string of words totally unconnected, jumble of words meaningless to a listener

ex: agents want strength of policy on a boat reigning supreme

38
Q

alterations in speech: neologisms

A

made up words, meaning for the patient only

ex: “his mannerologies are poor”

39
Q

thought blocking

A

a reduction or stoppage of thought

ex: in the middle of talking about his childhood, the patient abruptly pauses, after which he can’t remember what he was saying

40
Q

thought insertion

A

the belief that someone else has inserted thoughts into the patient’s brain

ex: the patients repeatedly complains of having disturbingly violent thoughts, which, she claims are being sent to her by satan

41
Q

thought deletion

A

a belief that thought have been taken or are missing

42
Q

paranoia

A

an irrational fear, ranging from milk to profound. fear may result in dangerous defensive actions, such as harming another person before that person can harm the pt

43
Q

catatonia

A

a pronounced increase or decrease in the rate and amount of movement. Excessive motor activity is purposeless

44
Q

echopraxia

A

involuntary imitation of another’s movements & gestures

45
Q

motor retardation

A

a pronounced slowing of movement

46
Q

motor agitation

A

excited behavior, such as running or pacing rapidly, often in response to internal or external stimuli

47
Q

negativism

A

a tendency to resist or oppose the requests or wishes of other

48
Q

negative symptoms

A

ones that should be there but aren’t
harder to treat than positive symptoms
interfere greatly with function on a daily basis

49
Q

negative symptoms: affective blunting

A

reduced or constricted affect

ex: face doesn’t move, lack of eye contact

50
Q

negative symptoms: apathy

A

a decreased interest in activities or beliefs that would otherwise be interesting or important or little attention to them

ex: no longer interested in favorite sport

results in loss of activities like personal hygiene

51
Q

negative symptoms: alogia

A

a reduction in speech

ex: hard to get words out

52
Q

negative symptoms: avolition

A

reduced or loss of motivation or goal directed behavior; difficulty beginning or sustaining goal directed activities

ex: hard to go to school

results in loss of activities like personal hygiene

53
Q

negative symptoms: anhedonia

A

a reduced ability or inability to experience pleasure or joy

54
Q

negative symptoms: asociality

A

a decreased desire for social interaction or discomfort while doing it; social withdrawal

55
Q

cognitive symptoms: concrete thinking

A

impaired ability to think abstractly resulting in interpreting or perceiving things in a literal manner

56
Q

cognitive symptoms: impaired memory

A

impacts short term memory and the ability to learn

57
Q

cognitive symptoms: impaired information processing

A

delayed responses, misperceptions or difficulty understanding others

58
Q

cognitive symptoms: impaired executive functioning

A

difficulty w/ reasoning, setting priorities, comparing options, plannings…

59
Q

cognitive symptoms: anosognosia

A

inability to realize one is ill; an inability caused by the illness itself; may result in resistance to or cessation of treatment; often combined w/ paranoia so that accepting help is impossible

60
Q

affective symptoms

A

involve an altered experience and expression of emotions -> mood may be unstable, erratic, labile or incongruent

61
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

a chronic mental health condition characterized primarily by symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions and symptoms of a mood disorder such as mania and depression

an uninterrupted period of illness during which at some time there is either a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode w/ symptoms of schizophrenia

62
Q

affective disorders

A

mental health conditions that heavily affect a person’s mood and feelings

63
Q

bipolar type schizoaffective disorder

A

individuals experience a combination of symptoms from both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. typically, this means individuals experience both depressive and manic espisodes alongside their schizophrenia sx

64
Q

depressive type schizoaffective disoder

A

individuals suffer form the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia as well as depressed moods that come w/ major depressive disorder. those living w/ depressive type do not experience highs and lows but instead experience long periods of intense depression

65
Q

depresssive sx of schizoaffective disorder

A

-feelings of lethargy or not wanting to do anything
-no longer deriving pleasure from your favorite activities
-inability to sleep or sleeping excessively
-loss of appetite
-a feeling that you will never be happy again

66
Q

schizophrenia sx of schizoaffective disorder

A

-delusions
-hallucinations
-difficulty holding work or staying enrolled in school
-problems w/ personal hygiene or taking care of yourself
-difficulty communicating w/ individuals

67
Q

treatments of schizoaffective disorder

A

-medications (antipsychotic, mood stabilizing or antidepressant)
-cognitive behavioral therapy
-group therapy sessions

ABSN (171 decks)

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