musculoskeletal pt.2 - patho E4 Flashcards
gout (gouty arthritis)
an inflammatory disease resulting from deposits of uric acid crystals in the tissues and fluids within the body deposits in the joint
why is gout called the disease of kings
it is associated with foods that wealthy people like -> smoked meats, cheese, red wine, beer
key concept of gout
uric acid cystal deposits in the tissues -> should be excreted by the kidneys but get an overproduction & under excretion causing hyperuricemia
what causes uric acid crystals to form
the breakdown of purines which are found in organ meats, shellfish, anchovies, herring, asparagus, mushrooms
gout risk factors
-obesity
-HTN/DM/renal/sickle cell anemia
-alc
-diet rich in meat & seafood
-use of diuretics
-male
-African Americans
how many phases does gout have
4
gout: phase 1
-asym but elevated serum uric acid levels & deposits in tissue
-crystals accumulate & tissue is damaged leading to acute inflammation
gout phase 2
acute flares or attacks d/t hyperuricemia
gout phase 3
clinically inactive until the next flare, continued hyperuricemia
-may be months or years before the next flare but w/ time will get closure together
gout phase 4
chronic gouty arthritis
joint pain and other sx present most of the time
gout clinical manifestations
-pain, usually in lower extremities (big toe -> you cannot touch this persons feet)
-burning
-redness
- swelling and warmth
-fever
sx present for days to weeks
what is the joint of the big toe
metatarsophalangeal
gout complications
-tophi: large hard nodules composed of uric acid crystals deposited in the soft tissues
renal calculi: kidney stones
lupus
an abnormal immune reaction of the body against its own cells -> B lymphs produce autoantibodies (most common is ANA) -> the antibodies are activated against the body’s own DNA to form immune complexes which circulate around the body and target any major organ system & trigger an inflammatory response that destroys whatever organ tissue they landed in
autoimmune and activated against DNA
risk factors for lupus
genetic
females
20-40 y/o
black/AA
environmental triggers
allergy to abx
hormonal factors / oral BC
tobacco use
