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ABSN > GI - Patho E3 > Flashcards

GI - Patho E3 Flashcards

1
Q

IBS key points

A

-IBS D&C
-distention, fullness, bloating, flatus
-intermittent
-exacerbated by stress, relieved by defecation
-intolerance to certain foods (sorbitol, lactose, gluten)
-non bloody stools

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2
Q

what can trigger IBS

A

stress, food, hormone changes, GI infections, menses

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3
Q

IBD is most common in

A

women
Caucasians
jewish descent
smokers

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4
Q

etiology of IBD

A

genetically autoimmune activated by an infection

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5
Q

Crohn’s patho

A

lymph structures get blocked -> tissues become engorged & inflamed -> fissures & ulcers develop in patchy patterns skip lesions w/ cobblestone apperance

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6
Q

complications of Crohn’s disease

A

-malnutrition (anemia)
-scare tissue & obstructions
-fistulas
-cancer

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7
Q

Crohn’s disease clinical manifestations

A

-cramping in RLQ
-watery diarrhea
-systemic wt loss, fatigue, no appetite, fever, malabsorption
-palpable abdominal mass (RLQ)
-mouth ulcers
-s/s of fistulas

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8
Q

Crohn’s disease affects what part of the GI tract

A

mostly the upper portion and small intestines with a little bit of the rectum

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9
Q

UC affects what what part of the GI tract

A

the rectum & colon

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10
Q

UC pathogenesis

A

inflammation begins in the rectum & extends in a continuous segment that may involve the entire colon -> inflam leads to large ulcerations & necrosis which can cause crypt abscesses -> body tries to repair w/ new granulation tissue but tissue is fragile & and bleeds easily

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11
Q

UC clinical manifestations

A

-abdominal pain
-bloody diarrhea
-systemic: wt loss, fatigue, no appetite, fever

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12
Q

complications of UC

A

hemorrhage, perforation, cancer, malnut, anemia, liver disease, fluid/lyte/pH imbalances
toxic megacolon: rapid dilation of the large intestine that be life threatening

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13
Q

both UC & Crohn’s disease put a patient at risk for

A

DVTs & PEs

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14
Q

what causes diverticulosis

A

low fiber diet resulting w/ chronic constipation

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15
Q

clinical manifestations of diverticulitis

A

abdominal pain (LLQ)
fever
inc WBCs
constipation or diarrhea
acute passage of frank stool

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16
Q

complications of diverticulitis

A

peritonitis
obstruction
perforation

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17
Q

the upper GI includes

A

esophagus
stomach
beginning of the small intestine (duodenum)

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18
Q

the lower GI includes

A

small intestine
colon
rectum
anus

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19
Q

what do we want to prevent in people w/ gerd

A

barrett esophagus (development of abnormal metaplastic tissue that - premalignant)
3 fold increase of developing esophageal cancer

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20
Q

hiatal hernia

A

a defect in the diaphragm that allows part of the stomach to pass into the thorax

21
Q

sliding hiatal hernia

A

usually small & often does not need treatment

22
Q

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

A

part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm & stays there

23
Q

hiatal hernia clinical manifestations

A

-belching
-dysphagia
-chest or epigastric pain
-too much pressure on the muscles around stomach leading to severe coughing, vomiting, & constipation

24
Q

hiatal hernia treatment / education

A

-SFM
-don’t lay after meals
-avoid tight clothing
-wt control
-antacids

25
Q

acute gastritis

A

temporary inflammation of only the stomach lining (no intestines included) that lasts 2-10 days

26
Q

acute gastritis etiology

A

irritating substances (alc)
drugs (NSAIDs)
infectious agents (H.pylori)

27
Q

chronic gastritis

A

progressive disorder with chronic inflammation in the stomach

28
Q

complications of chronic gastritis

A

PUD
bleeding ulcers
anemia
gastric cancers

29
Q

chronic gastritis etiologies

A

1) autoimmune -> attacks the parietal cells
2) H.pylori infection

30
Q

what can H.pylori cause

A

chronic gastritis
PUD
stomach cancer

31
Q

how is H.pylori transmitted

A

-person to person via salvia, fecal matter or vomit
-contaminated food or water

32
Q

acute or chronic gastritis sx

A

anorexia
N/v
postprandial discomfort
intestinal gas
hematemesis
tarry stools
anemia

33
Q

acute gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach & small intestine

34
Q

acute gastroenteritis etiologies

A

1) viral infections- norovirus & rotavirus
2) bacterial infections- E.col, salmonella, campylobacter
3) parasitic infections

35
Q

acute gastroenteritis clinical manifestations

A

-watery diarrhea (possibly w/ blood if bacteria)
-abdominal pain
-N/v
-fever, malaise

36
Q

acute gastroenteritis complication

A

fluid volume deficit because of mass amount of diarrhea

37
Q

acute gastroenteritis treatment

A

let the patient right it out but may need to give fluids

38
Q

when does PUD develop

A

when the GI tract is exposed to acid and h. pylori
(+NSAIDs, ASA, Alc)
+smoking
+stress bc inc gastric acid is a stress response

39
Q

why can NSAIDs induce PUD

A

they inhibit prostaglandins synthesis so the upper GI loses the mucus coating

40
Q

PUD clinical manifestations

A

-N/v
-anorexia
-wt loss
-bleeding
-burning pain (middle abdomen)

41
Q

gastric ulcer

A

CM: burning, cramping, gas like
location: epigastrium, back
timing: 1-2 hr after eating

42
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

CM: burning, cramping, gas like
location: epigastrium, back
timing: 2-4 hrs after eating

43
Q

complications of PUD

A

hemorrhage
obstruction
perforation / peritonitis

44
Q

complications of appendicitis

A

gangrene
abscess formation
peritonitis

45
Q

key points of appendicitis

A

-RLQ pain
-rebound pain
-sudden relief of pain if it ruptures

46
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum that causes 3rd spacing which can lead to hypovolemic shock, sepsis, & decreased peristalsis -> paralytic ileus

47
Q

peritonitis clinical manifestations

A

-sudden & severe pain
-abdominal pain
-tenderness
-rigid, board like abdomen
-N/v

48
Q

vitals/labs seen during peritonitis

A

fever
elevated WBCs
increased HR
decreased BP

ABSN (118 decks)

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