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ABSN > OB exam 1- Repro Health & Fam 2 > Flashcards

OB exam 1- Repro Health & Fam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

fibrocystic breast changes

A

thickening of normal breast tissue caused by imbalance in estrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

fibrocystic breast changes: sx

A

cyclic pain
tenderness
swelling right before menses

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3
Q

fibrocystic breast changes: dx

A

mammography MRI or fine needle aspiration

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4
Q

fibrocystic breast changes: tx

A

limit caffeine
decrease sodium
use oral contraceptives

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5
Q

endometriosis

A

presence of endometrial tissue outside of uterine cavity d/t an unknown cause but possibly backflow of menstrual flow, inflammation of endometrium or an immune defect

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6
Q

endometriosis: sx

A

pelvic pain usually at time of menses

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7
Q

endometriosis: dx

A

confirmed by laparoscopy

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8
Q

endometriosis: tx

A

surgical removal endometrial tissue, NSAIDS, oral contraceptives

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9
Q

POS

A

ovaries enlarged and contain numerous small cysts along outer edge of ovaries d/t unknown cause

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10
Q

POS: sx

A

irregular to absent menses
elevated testosterone & androgen levels
obesity
insulin resistance
infertility

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11
Q

POS: dx

A

H&P
labs
vaginal US to evaluate uterus and ovaries

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12
Q

POS: tx

A

oral contraceptives
glucophage & spironolactone

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13
Q

toxic shock

A

a disease of a women in their reproductive years around menses or postpartum caused by toxin released from staph A

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14
Q

toxic shock: sx

A

fever
rash on trunk that resembles a sunburn
vomiting
hypotension
inflamed mucus membranes

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15
Q

toxic shock: dx

A

elevated BUN, AST, ALT, billi
low platelets

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16
Q

toxic shock: tx

A

hospitalization
IVF to maintain BP
abx

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17
Q

bacterial vaginosis (BV)

A

decrease in normal vaginal flora cause by overgrowth of bacteria probably d/t douching or frequent sex

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18
Q

BV: sx

A

increase amount of thin, watery, whitish/grey fluid w/ fishy smell

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19
Q

BV: dx

A

vaginal pH greater then 4.5
slide prep

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20
Q

BV: tx

A

flagyl (metronidazole)
clindamycin vaginal cream

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21
Q

vaginal candidiasis

A

yeast infection caused by abx, oral contraceptives, immunosuppressants and/or DM

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22
Q

vaginal candidiasis: sx

A

thick, curdy vaginal discharge
severe itchy
rash

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23
Q

vaginal candidiasis: dx

A

spores under microscope

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24
Q

vaginal candidiasis: tx

A

diflucan (fluconazole)
nystatin

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25
Q

trichomoniasis

A

STI caused by trichomoniasis vaginalis

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26
Q

trichomoniasis: sx

A

yellow/green discharge
inflammation
itching
dysuria

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27
Q

trichomoniasis: dx

A

visualization of organism on microscope slide

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28
Q

trichomoniasis: tx

A

flagyl (metronidazole)
non treatment

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29
Q

chlamydia

A

the most common STD caused by chlamydia trachomatis

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30
Q

chlamydia: sx

A

thin, purulent discharge
dysuria
lower abd pain

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31
Q

chlamydia: dx

A

lab culture

32
Q

chlamydia: tx

A

azithromycin

33
Q

gonorrhea

A

STD that increases risk for pelvic inflammatory disease cause by bacteria neisseria gonorrhoeae

34
Q

gonorrhea: sx

A

purulent, green/yellowish discharge
dysuria
vulva swelling

35
Q

gonorrhea: dx

A

lab culture

36
Q

gonorrhea: tx

A

rocephin (ceftriaxone) + azithromycin

37
Q

gonorrhea: complication if pregnant and not treated

A

gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
severe eye issues in infants

38
Q

herpes

A

HSV-1: cold sore
HSV-2: genital infection
caused by herpes simplex virus

39
Q

herpes: sx

A

single, blister like vesicle in genital area

40
Q

herpes: dx

A

culture of lesion

41
Q

herpes: tx

A

no cure
acyclovir to help keep virus dormant

42
Q

syphilis

A

chronic infection from contact with open wound or acquired congenitally caused by spirochete treponema pallidum

43
Q

syphilis: sx

A

chancre than later wart like plaque on vulva
fever
weight loss
malaise

44
Q

syphilis: dx

A

blood test VDRL or RPR

45
Q

syphilis: tx

A

penicillin

46
Q

HPV

A

sexually transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex, usual cause of cervical cancer produced by human papillomavirus

47
Q

HPV: sx

A

genital warts

48
Q

HPV: dx

A

biopsy lesion

49
Q

HPV: tx

A

cryotherapy
shave excision
acid removal

50
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

inflammatory disorder of upper female genitalia, can cause tubal damage and infertility cause by multiple sexual partners, use of IUD, untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia

51
Q

PID: sx

A

bilateral, sharp cramping pain, fever, chills, purulent vaginal drainage

52
Q

PID: dx

A

cultures
CBC
VDRL
RPR

53
Q

PID: tx

A

multiple abx combos

54
Q

lower UTI

A

cystitis cause by E.coli, enterococcus or staph

55
Q

lower UTI: sx

A

low grade temp
hematuria
painful urination

56
Q

lower UTI: dx

A

urine specimen
labs

57
Q

lower UTI: tx

A

abx

58
Q

upper UTI

A

pyelonephritis caused by lower infection

59
Q

upper UTI: sx

A

high temp
chills
flank pain

60
Q

upper UTI: dx

A

urine specimen
labs

61
Q

upper UTI: tx

A

IVF
IV abx
pain meds

62
Q

infertility

A

unprotected sexual intercourse over a 12 month time period where conception does not occur

63
Q

secondary infertility

A

unable to conceive or sustain a pregnancy after 1 or more successful pregnancies

64
Q

essential components of fertility: female

A

-favorable cervical mucus
-patent tubes w/ normal motility
-ovaries that produce and release normal ova
-no obstruction between ovary & uterus
-favorable endometrium
-adequate reproductive hormones

65
Q

essential components of fertility: male

A

-normal quality, quantity, and motility of sperm
-unobstructed genital tract
-normal genital tract secretions
-ejaculated sperm able to reach cervix

66
Q

ways to improve fertility

A

-no douching or artificial lubricants
-retain & avoid leaking sperm for at least 20-30 min after sex
-sex every other day during fertile period
-decrease anxiety and stress
-adequate nutrition

67
Q

infertility meds

A

-clomid
-progesterone
-gonadotropins
-parlodel

68
Q

infertility treatment: therapeutic insemination

A

donor or husband’s sperm deposited at cervical os or uterus mechanically

69
Q

infertility treatment: in vitro fertilization

A

egg collected from ovary, fertilized in lab and placed in uterus after embryo development starts

70
Q

infertility treatment: gamete intrafallopian transfer

A

egg removed by laparoscopy and placed with sperm, fertilization occurs in fallopian tube and then egg travels to uterus to implant

71
Q

infertility treatment: zygote intrafallopian transfer

A

eggs retrieved and incubated with sperm and placed back into fallopian tubes once fertilization occurs

72
Q

karyotype

A

pictorial view of chromosomes

73
Q

phenotype

A

observable expression of trait

74
Q

how to write a downs karyotype in words (for a female)

A

Down Syndrome 47, XX, +21

75
Q

autosomal dominant inheritance

A

-affected individual has affected parent
-50% chance of passing to child
-severity varies from parent to child
-need at least one A
affected parent: Aa, non: aa ; child will have it if Aa

76
Q

autosomal recessive inheritance

A

-affected individuals has clinically normal parents but are carries
-when both are carries, 25% of passing defect and 50% of being a healthy carrier
-need at least two a
carrier parents: Bb ; healthy non carrier: BB, healthy carrier: 50%, disorder: 25%

ABSN (150 decks)

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