DM review for MedSurg Flashcards
T1 is caused by
destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
T2 is caused by
beta cells wear out -> cells in body become immune or resistant to insulin -> liver increases gluconeogenesis b/c cells think they need more insulin -> liver makes more insulin but body cannot respond appropriately -> elevated BS
Type 1 Review
-more common in younger people
-S/s are abrupt
-less common
-no endogenous insulin produced, must have insulin replacement
-3 Ps: polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria
Type 2 review
-more common in adults
-can go undx for years, screen based on risk factors
-insulin resistant, oral/subQ diabetic meds
-only some will need insulin replacement
S/s of DM
-3 Ps
-fatigue
-recurrent infections
-slow wound healing
non modifiable risk factors for T2
-fam hx
->45 y/o
-race/ethnicity
-hx of gestational DM
modifiable risk factors for T2
-physical inactivity
-high body fat or wt
-high BP
-high cholesterol
what is considered a fasting blood glucose
no food food or drinks in the last 8 hrs
labs for DM
-FBG: <126
-BG: <200
-Urine ketones
-HDL, LDL, triglycerides
what urine ketone level is considered an emergency
> 300 mg/dl
A1c levels
normal: ~5
preDM: 5.7-6.4
diabetes: >/6.5
FBG
normal: </99
preDM: 100-125
diabetes: >/126
OGTT
normal: </139
preDM: 140-199
diabetes: >/200
DM sick care
-is on steroids, may need to adjust basal dosage and increase scheduled dosage bc steroids inc BG
-check BG more frequently
-continue to take oral meds even if V/d bc they are long term drugs
sick w/ DM teaching points
-notify HCP
-check BG every 2-4 hrs
-take dm meds
-prevent dehydration
-meet carb needs
-rest
