321 health & wellness Flashcards
health people 2023 identifies
leading health indicators, which are highly priority health issues + promotes a holistic approach to HP and disease prevention
what leading health indicators does the US fall behind in compared to other developed countries
life expectancy, infant mortality and obesity
WHO definition of health
a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health is influenced by
culture, value, personality, lifestyle, where we seek health care, what treatments we seek, social economical factors
components of health
physical, mental, social, sexual, vocational
disease
medical condition that causes distress for a person in the form of its symptoms (disorders, infections, & disability that can afflict human beings)
illness
a state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental or spiritual function is diminished or impaired not a condition but a feeling
illness behavior
the manner in which people who are ill from a disease act, involves how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms
internal variables that influence illness and illness behaviors
perception of illness and nature of illness how we view things
external variables that influence illness and illness behaviors
visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economics and accessibility to health care
health beliefs
ideas, convictions and attitudes about health and illness
health behaviors
what we do to promote and protect our health
positive health behaviors
vaccinations, screenings, eating well, sleeping enough, having good physical activity patterns
negative health behaviors
negative to our health
smoking, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, too much caffeine, risky sexual behaviors, poor sleeping patterns
health belief model
addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and their behavior
health promotion model
defines health as a positive dynamic state and not merely just the absence of disease; describes the multidimensional nature of people as they interact within their environment and pursue health will someone take the health promoting behavior
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
used to understand the interrelationship of basic human needs (some needs need to be met before others)
holistic health model
looks at the relationships among, body, mind, spirit and how these affect health; attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health optimize mind and body to optimize health
internal variables that influence health and health beliefs/practices
-developmental stage
-educational background
-perception of functioning (physical function)
-emotional factors
-spiritual factors
external variables that influence health and health beliefs/practices
-family role and practices
-social determinants of health
WHO 3 categories of determinants of health
-social and economic environment
-physical environment
-individual characteristics and behaviors (** figure out what else is at play, cannot just say “eat better”)
examples of determinants of health
income & social status, education, physical environment, social support group, genetics, coping skills, gender
%’s of what effects health
- 10% physical environment
- 20% health care
- 30% health behaviors
- 40% socioeconomic factors
50% of what effects health can be traced back to a zip code
social determinants of health
the conditions in which people are born, live, work, worship, play annd age
5 domains of SDOH
1) economic status
2) education
3) health and health care
4) social and community context
5) neighborhood and built environment (clean water, access to food, safe)
non medical factors
health disparity
a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic and/or environmental disadvantage
a difference but we need to focus on inequity bc these differences are avoidable not linked to health behaviors or lifestyle
health inequity
health differences that are avoidable, unnecessary, unfair and unjust
definition we want to start using not linked to health behaviors or lifestyle
health promotion
a process of helping people gain control of and improve their health
health education
helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
illness prevention
protects people from actual or potential threats to health
primary prevention
goal is to reduce the incidence of disease problems before they occur
diabetes ex: counseling on nutrition and exercise
secondary prevention
goal is to prevent the spread of disease, illness and infection once it has occurred treating in early stages
diabetes ex: screening fro type 2 diabetes
tertiary prevention
goal is to minimize effects of long term disease or disability limit further effect
diabetes ex: treatment of T2DM w/ meds to control & prevent complications
risk factors
any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident
ineffective behavioral change strategies
fear, confrontation, coercion, paternalism
precontemplation
-no intent to change within next 6 months
-assessment: pt is not interested, unaware of issue or underestimates it, defensive
-nursing tasks: increase awareness for change, increase concern about current behavior, try to get pt to envision change as possible
contemplation
-considering making a change within the next 6 months
-assessment: pt is thinking about change, ambivalent about change
-nursing tasks: analyze pros & cons, weigh costs vs benefits and help them with their mixed feelings
more willing to accept info
Preparation
-making small changes in preparation for a change within the next month
-assessment: may have tried to make changes in past but was unsuccessful, pt believes that advantages outweigh disadvantages
-nursing tasks: increase commitment to change (self liberation), design a plan for change
provide resources, help them recall pasts experiences that worked, educate, help stop negative thoughts
action
-actively engaged in strategies to change behaviors, lasts up to 6 months
-assessment: committed to change but previous habits may become barriers to change
-nursing tasks: actively engage in strategies for change to occur, sustain commitment in face of difficulties
maintenance stage
-sustained change over time, begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely
-assessment: changes have been integrated into the pt’s lifestyle and behaviors have been adopted to prevent relapse
-nursing tasks: anticipate relapse, prepare coping strategies in advance
