Intro to Psych Flashcards
What is the definition of Health according to the World Health Organization?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
World Health Organization, 2023
Define Mental Health**
Mental Health is a state of well-being in which everyone can realize their own potential, cope with stresses, work productively, and contribute to the community.
World Health Organization
What are Mental Illnesses**
Health conditions involving changes in emotion, thinking, or behavior (or a combination of these) associated with distress and/or problems functioning in social, work, or family activities.
American Psychiatric Association
List attributes of Mental Health**
- Rational Thinking
- Resiliency
- Self-esteem
- Self-Awareness
- Emotional growth
- Self-Care
- Learning and Productivity
- Communication skills
- Meaningful relationships
- Spiritual satisfaction
What is Resilience in the context of mental health?
The ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being, characterized by optimism, sense of mastery, and competence.
What is the Diathesis-Stress Model?
It explains that most psychiatric disorders result from a combination of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and negative environmental stressors.
What early theories existed regarding mental illness in the 19th century?
- Inheritance theory
- Moral degeneracy theory
- Germ theory
- Septic foci theory
What is Revolving Door Treatment?
A cycle where patients return to emergency departments for care and repeated admissions to psychiatric inpatient units due to lack of community support and skills.
What is the purpose of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)?
To communicate that mental illnesses are brain disorders, eliminate stigma, advocate for people with mental illness, improve access to treatment services & integrating mental illness into community life
What is the significance of the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health?
It called for a streamlined system for delivering mental healthcare, advocating for early diagnosis and treatment.
What is Tim’s Law?
Kentucky’s first Assisted Outpatient Treatment statute passed in 2017 to help individuals with serious mental illness access treatment instead of jail.
What does the Mental Health Parity Act (1996) require?**
Insurance companies to provide equal treatment coverage for psychiatric disorders.
What are common barriers to the delivery of adequate mental healthcare?**
- Limited access to mental health services
- Transportation issues
- Long waits for appointments
- Income/Cost & Insurance Parity
- Provider limitations
- Stigma
What is stigma in the context of mental illness?**
Widespread fear and misunderstanding of mental illness, often heightened by media portrayals.
What is the definition of Recovery in mental health?
The process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential.
What is the DSM-5?
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, providing official medical guidelines for diagnosing psychiatric disorders.
What is the role of a Psychiatric Mental Health Registered Nurse (PMH-RN)?
To provide direct care, education of staff, and serve as clinical liaisons.
What defines an Acute Care Hospital in psychiatric settings?
A highly structured setting that optimizes safety and addresses crisis intervention with an average length of stay of 3-7 days.
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary admission?**
Voluntary admission is agreed upon by the individual and healthcare professionals, while involuntary admission occurs when professionals believe treatment is necessary despite the individual’s wishes.
What rights do hospitalized patients have?**
- Receive or refuse treatment
- Dignity
- Involvement in planning
- Protection from harm
- Legal counsel
- Confidentiality
- least restrictive means
What is a therapeutic milieu?**
The surroundings and physical environment of the inpatient hospital unit that provides a sense of security and facilitates social competence.
Fill in the blank: The process of securing resources needed to support well-being is known as _______.
Resilience
True or False: The majority of psychiatric disorders result solely from environmental stressors.
False
inheritance theory of mental illness
transmitted through generations
moral degeneracy theory of mental illness
mentally ill by virtue of bad character
germ theory of mental illness
“insanity” is contagious -> caused segregation
septic foci theory of mental illness
infection ; remove the infection by surgery to “cure”
assertion (diathesis-stress model)
Most psych disorders result from a combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors
deinstitutionalization
(w/ community mental health act) Legislation that resulted in the mass movement of severely mentally ill persons from state hospitals to outpatient care (many hospitals were closed)
victimization
-person w/ severe MI have a 12x higher rate of victimization
-includes: verbal abuse, bullying, threat, theft, physical assaults and rape
-can occur from strangers, family & friends and inpatient medical staff
consumer movement/recovery
Groups of individuals with mental illness (consumers) began to advocate for their rights and fought against discrimination and forced treatment -> lead to NAMI being formed
6 goals of new freedom commission on mental health
1) understand link between mental health & overall health
2) mental health care should be family & consumer driven
3) eliminate disparities in mental health care
4) screening and referrals in general practice
5) principles to recovery
6) increase use of technology and housing
patient protection and affordable care act
coverage for most uninsured Americans through expanded medicaid eligibility
how to fight stigma**
-talk openly
-educate
-be conscious of language
-show empathy & compassion
-stop criminalization
-push back against the way MI is portrayed
-advocate
-encourage equality
-see the person, not the illness
key term: recovery
process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self directed life and strive to reach their full potential
key term: dual diagnosis
Co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorder (ex: alcohol use disorder and bipolar disorder)
key term: comorbidity
wo co-occurring chronic illnesses:
depression and anxiety
depression and diabetes
does not include substance abuse
key term: adherence
Following the plan of care developed as part of the health care team
acute care hospital
highly structured setting that optimizes safety & addresses crisis intervention
ave LOS is 3-7 days
long term hospitalization
Recommended if patient requires longer than 7 days for illness/symptom stabilization
partial hospitalization
Alternative that need some supervision but are not appropriate for inpatient hospitalization. Step between inpatient and fully independent home life
partial hospitalization programs
For those that need some supervision but not inpatient hospitalization. Step between inpatient and fully independent home life. Six hours of treatment multiple days a week for group therapy. Goals are to keep pt safe, reduce hospital readmissions, and assist in coping
day treatment programs
Step below PHP. Structured activities and group 1-2 days a week (less than the intensive PHP) for 4 weeks or less. Focus on improving coping skills and enhancing strengths to live a more functional, independent life and on building social skills that foster positive interpersonal relationships
Treatment Staff: Psychiatrists, psychologists, registered nurses, and social workers are members of the treatment staff.
inpatient admission criteria
-Danger to themselves suicidal ideation (SI) and/or suicide attempt (SA)
-Danger to others, homicidal ideations (HI)
-Individuals unable to care for basic needs and/or gross impairment of judgement, placing the individual at imminent risk based on inability to protect oneself
patient’s right under the law**
-right to receive treatment
-right to refuse treatment
-right to informed consent
-rights regarding psychiatric advanced directives
-rights regarding restraint and seclusion
-rights regarding confidentiality
least restrictive means of treatment**
1)assess the patient to see what’s wrong
2)encourage the patient to go into their room for decrease stimulation
3)offer PRN medication orally
4)escort to seclusion area
5)administer the PRN medication IM
6)restraints used only if patient is of danger to themselves or others
exceptions to confidentiality
-duty to warn and protect third parties
-child and elder abuse reporting statutes
what does therapeutic milieu provide**
-Interactions with peers and staff help the patient engage and increase social competence and self-worth
-Real-life training ground for practicing communication & coping skills
-Provides activities, unit rules, reality orientation practices and groups
therapeutic milieu consists of
-Containment: provision of basis needs; food, shelter, safety & security
-Support: offer encouragement, praise, & positive feedback
-Validation: respecting privacy, cultural needs, feelings lead to the client’s holistic health
-Structure: control & limitation of maladaptive behaviors & setting limits
-Involvement: promoting the self-efficacy of the client
what is emergency commitment**
In an emergency, a nurse may place a patient in seclusion or restraint but obtains a written or verbal order as soon as possible thereafter
