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ABSN > OB exam 1 - Antepartum > Flashcards

OB exam 1 - Antepartum Flashcards

1
Q

first trimester
second trimester
third trimesetr

A

1) 1-12 6/7 wks
2) 13-26 6/7 wks
3) 27+ wks

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2
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: uterus

A

-enlargement d/t hypertrophy
-fibrous tissue increases
-increase in blood flow
-Braxton hicks contractions

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3
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: cervical

A

-development of mucus plug
-goodell’s sign (softening of cervix)
-chadwick’s sign (bluish purple discoloration)
-hegar’s sign (softening of uterus)

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4
Q

order of cervical changes

A

1st) softening of cervix
2nd) softening of uterus
3rd) discoloration

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5
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: ovaries

A

-stop producing ova during pregnancy
-secretes progesterone until 7th wk to maintain the endometrium

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6
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: vaginal

A

-mucosa thickens
-increase in secretions, loosening of connective tissue

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7
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: breast

A

-glandular hyperplasia (adding cells) & hypertrophy
-areolae darken, superficial veins prominent
-striae may develop
-colostrum is secreted (can leak)

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8
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: respiratory

A

-oxygen consumption increases
-subcostal angle and AP diameter increase
-breathing changes from abdominal to thoracic
-nasal stuffiness & epistaxis

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9
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: cardiac

A

-blood volume increase 40-50%
-physiological anemia
-decrease in systemic & pulmonary vascular resistance
-increase in cardiac output
-somewhat hypercoagulable

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10
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: GI

A

-N/v
-softening & bleeding of gums
-increase in salvia
-constipation
-heartburn (pyrosis)
-gallstones
-hemorrhoids

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11
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: urinary

A

-pressure on bladder causes frequency
-dilatation of kidneys and ureters
-increased GFR and renal plasma flow

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12
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: skin

A

-hyperpigmentation
- striae
-facial chloasma
-vascular spider nevi
-decreased hair growth
-hyperactive sweat & sebaceous glands
linea nigra: dark line down belly

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13
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: MS

A

-pelvic joints relax
-center of gravity changes
-separation of rectus abdominus
-lordosis

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14
Q

supine hypotensive syndrome

A

the uterus compresses the vena cava causing dizziness, lightheadedness and nausea (starts late in 2nd trimester)
1st nursing action is to turn pt off back and then check BP & fetal HR

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15
Q

recommended wt gain in pregnancy based on bmi

A

underwt: 28-40
normal: 25-35
overwt: 15-25
obese: 11-20

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16
Q

weight gain pattern

A

1.1-4.4 lbs during the 1st trimester then 1lb per week during the last 2

17
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: eye, cognitive & metabolic changes

A

-decreased intraocular pressure
-thickening of cornea
-reports of decreased attention, concentration & memory
-extra water, fat & protein stored
-fats are more completely absorbed

18
Q

physical changes during pregnancy: endocrine

A

-thyroid gland enlarges
-concentration of parathyroid hormone increases
-prolactin is responsible for lactation
-secretion of oxytocin & vasopressin
-increased aldosterone

19
Q

presumptive (subjective) signs of pregnancy

A

-amenorrhea
-N/v
-excessive fatigue
-urinary frequency
-breast changes
-quickening

20
Q

probable (objective) signs of pregnancy

A

-changes in the pelvic organs (cervical)
-enlargement of abdomin
-Braxton hicks
-striae
-uterine soufflé
-changes in pigmentation of the skin
-palpation of fetal outline

21
Q

positive (diagnostic) signs of pregnancy

A

-auscultation of fetal heartbeat
-fetal movement
-visualization of the fetus

22
Q

what is couvade

A

a mothers partner experiences a sympathetic pregnancy

23
Q

prenatal hx

A

-current & past pregnancies
-gynecologic history
-current & past medical hx, including substance abuse
-family medical hx
-religious, spiritual, cultural & occupational hx
-partner hx
-social history & preferences

24
Q

GTPAL

A

G: number of pregnancies including current
T: number of deliveries at 37 wks +
P: number of deliveries between 20 & 36 6/7 wks
A: number of pregnancies ending in abortion
L: number of current living children

25
Q

factors related to father’s health

A

-family hx of genetic conditions
-significant health problems
-blood type & Rh factor
-occupation
-best learning method
-attitude toward the pregnancy

26
Q

naegele’s rule

A

subtract 3 months from the last menstrual period and then add 7 days

27
Q

uterine size

A

measure from pubic synthesis to the fundus in cm
start at 20 wks & measure should be +/- 2 from the # of weeks

28
Q

what is the most accurate way to determine EDB

A

ultrasound

ABSN (90 decks)

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