OB exam 1 - Maternal Nutrition

Question 1

carbohydrate

Answer 1

-primary energy source
-fiber helps bowel function

Question 2

protein

Answer 2

helps maternal tissue hyperplasia and hypertrophy, fetal growth and contributes to energy metabolism

Question 3

role of fats

Answer 3

-energy
-more completely absorbed during pregnancy
-fat deposits inn fetus: 2% mid, 12% at term

Question 4

calcium and phos

Answer 4

-mineralization of fetal bones and teeth
-acid base buff

Question 5

iodine

Answer 5

-essential part of thyroxine (thyroid hormone)
-cretinism may occur in the infant if severe deficiency
-use iodized table salt

Question 6

sodium

Answer 6

-metabolism
-regulation of fluid balance
do not normally restrict in pregnancy

Question 7

zinc

Answer 7

-protein metabolism
-synthesis of DNA and RNA
-fetal growth
-lactation

Question 8

magnesium

Answer 8

-cellular metabolism
-bone mineralization

Question 9

iron

Answer 9

-oxygen carrying capability of blood
-expansion of maternal blood volume
-low iron is usually cause of anemia in pregnancy

Question 10

where are fat soluble vitamins stored

Answer 10

the liver

Question 11

vitamin A

Answer 11

-growth of epithelial cells
-synthesis of glycogen
-development of healthy eyes in the fetus
ex: sweet potatoes, carrots, eggs

Question 12

vitamin D

Answer 12

-absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus for skeletal development
ex: fortified foods like milk, breakfast cereals, yogurt and orange juice

Question 13

vitamin E

Answer 13

-anti oxidation
-maintains health of cell membranes
ex: almonds, sunflower seeds

Question 14

vitamin K

Answer 14

synthesis of prothrombin needed for blood clotting
ex: green leafy veggies

Question 15

vitamin C

Answer 15

-development of connective tissue
-development of vascular system
ex: oranges, kiwi, broccoli

Question 16

what nutrients require no change for pregnancy

Answer 16

fat
vit E
vit K
iodine
sodium

Question 16

vitamin B

Answer 16

-cell respiration and glucose oxidation
-energy metabolism
-inadequate folic acid associated with neural tube defects
ex: green leafy veggies, poultry, chickpeas

Question 16

protein needs for pregnancy

Answer 16

60 g/day, increase of 14g

Question 17

carbohydrates needs for pregnancy

Answer 17

6-11 servings per day

Question 17

calories needs for pregnancy

Answer 17

increase kcal by +300 during 2nd & 3rd trimester

Question 18

calcium needs for pregnancy

Answer 18

1000 mg/d

Question 19

zinc needs for pregnancy

Answer 19

11mg/d

Question 20

magnesium needs for pregnancy

Answer 20

350 mg/d

Question 21

what vitamins & minerals have increased needs

Answer 21

iron
vit D
vit E
vit C
thiamine

Question 22

folic acid requirement for pregnancy

Answer 22

400 mcg/d

Question 23

do you need a multiple vitamin if diet is adequate

Answer 23

no, only supplement needed is iron