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ABSN > Obstructive Plum pharm - Exam 1B > Flashcards

Obstructive Plum pharm - Exam 1B Flashcards

1
Q

albuterol & levalbuterol are what class of drugs

A

short acting Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
(bronchodilators)

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2
Q

short acting Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
(bronchodilators) MOA

A

(Mimics action of SNS) relax and dilates the airways by stimulating the B2 adrenergic receptors throughout the lungs

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3
Q

albuterol & levalbuterol indications

A

Prevention (exercise induce asthma) or relief of bronchospasm related COPD disorders
rescue drugs esp for asthma

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4
Q

albuterol & levalbuterol SE

A

Hypertension
Hypotension
Insomnia
Restlessness
Anorexia
Cardiac stimulation
Hyperglycemia
Tremor
Vascular headache

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5
Q

albuterol & levalbuterol nursing considerations

A

Short acting duration = 4-6hr (rescue drugs)

Contraindications: uncontrolled HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, high risk of stroke (can be given w/ beta blockers but may need increased BB dose)

Avoid use with MAOis & sympathomimetics (ephedrine/Sudafed) d/t HTN risk

Raises BG

antidote: beta blockers but watch for bronchospasm

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6
Q

what class are salmetrol and formoterol

A

long acting Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
(bronchodilators)

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7
Q

long acting Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
(bronchodilators) MOA

A

(Mimics action of SNS) relax and dilates the airways by stimulating the B2 adrenergic receptors throughout the lungs

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8
Q

salmetrol and formoterol indications

A

worsening COPD, moderate to severe asthma

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9
Q

salmetrol and formoterol SE

A

Hypertension
Hypotension
Insomnia
Restlessness
Anorexia
Cardiac stimulation
Hyperglycemia
Tremor
Vascular headache

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10
Q

salmetrol and formoterol nursing considerations

A

Long acting duration = 12-24 hr (prevention)

Always give long acting with a corticosteroid

Salmeterol has been associated w/ increased asthma related death

Contraindications: uncontrolled HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, high risk of stroke (can be given w/ beta blockers but may need increased BB dose)

Avoid use with MAOis & sympathomimetics (ephedrine/Sudafed) d/t HTN risk

Raises BG

Antidote: beta blocker (but watch for bronchospasm)

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11
Q

what class is Ipratropium

A

Anticholinergics
(bronchodilators)

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12
Q

anticholingeric MOA

A

Blocks action of acetylcholine which turns off PNS and turns on SNS, causing bronchodilation and decreased mucus production

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13
Q

Ipratropium indication

A

Used for prophylaxis and maintenance asthma therapy

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14
Q

Ipratropium SE

A

Urinary retention, sedation, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, blurred vision, dry eyes, tachycardia, feeling hot, decreased sweating, dry mouth & throat, constipation
anticholinergic affects

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15
Q

Ipratropium nursing consideration

A

Often given in combination with albuterol

Not a rescue drug

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16
Q

what class are Theophylline and Aminophylline

A

Xanthine Derivatives
(bronchodilators)

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17
Q

Xanthine derivatives MOA

A

Increasing levels of the cAMP enzyme by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (stimulates CNS & CVD, and causes bronchodilation by relaxing the smooth muscle)

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18
Q

Theophylline and Aminophylline indications

A

Preventative treatment of asthma attacks and COPD exacerbation

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19
Q

Theophylline and Aminophylline SE

A

Caffeine effect,
N/V/D, insomnia, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, seizures

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20
Q

Theophylline and Aminophylline nursing considerations

A

2nd line med d/t high toxicity risk and lots of drug-drug interactions

Interactions:
Caffeine (inc SE)
Smoking (dec absorb)

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21
Q

Theophylline and Aminophylline antidote

A

activated charcoal

22
Q

Theophylline and Aminophylline contraindications

A

Uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias, seizure disorders, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcer

23
Q

what class are Montelukast and Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist
(anti inflammatory)

24
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonist MOA

A

LTRAs prevent leukotrienes from attaching to receptors located on immune cells and within the lungs to prevent inflammation

25
Q

Montelukast and Zafirlukast indication

A

Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma

Can be used for allergies

26
Q

Montelukast and Zafirlukast SE

A

Headache, nausea, dizziness, insomnia, diarrhea

27
Q

Montelukast and Zafirlukast nursing considerations

A

Montelukast can be given to kids <12mo, zafirlukast is for +5 yrs

Not a rescue drug

28
Q

what class are Beclomethasone diproprionate, Budesonide and Fluticasone

A

inhaled corticosteroids
(anti inflammatory)

29
Q

inhaled corticosteroids MOA

A

Reduce inflammation and enhance activity of beta agonists

30
Q

Beclomethasone diproprionate, Budesonide and Fluticasone indications

A

Prevention of persistent asthma attacks and long-term maintenance of severe COPD

31
Q

Beclomethasone diproprionate, Budesonide and Fluticasone SE

A

Pharyngeal irritation, coughing, dry mouth and oral fungal infections

32
Q

Beclomethasone diproprionate, Budesonide and Fluticasone nursing considerations

A

Takes several weeks for full effect to be reached

Not a rescue drug

Usually take w/ bronchodilator, give bronchodilator first

Be sure to take on regular schedule, not PRN

Rinse out mouth after use

33
Q

what class are Budesonide + Formoterol and
Fluticasone + Salmeterol

A

Combination inhaled glucocorticoid & bronchodilator
(anti inflammatory)

34
Q

Combination inhaled glucocorticoid & bronchodilator MOA

A

Reduce inflammation and causes bronchodilation

35
Q

Budesonide + Formoterol and
Fluticasone + Salmeterol indication

A

Prevention of persistent asthma attacks and long-term maintenance of severe COPD

36
Q

Budesonide + Formoterol and
Fluticasone + Salmeterol SE

A

Pharyngeal irritation, coughing, dry mouth and oral fungal infections

37
Q

Budesonide + Formoterol and
Fluticasone + Salmeterol nursing consideration

A

Not a rescue drug

38
Q

what class is cromolyn

A

Mast cell stabilizer
(anti inflammatory)

39
Q

Mast cell stabilizer MOA

A

Stabilizes membranes of mast cells & prevent release of broncho-constrictive inflammatory substances

40
Q

cromolyn indications

A

Used for prevention of acute asthma attacks

41
Q

cromolyn nursing considerations

A

Take 15-20 mins before encountering known trigger

Not a rescue drug

42
Q

what class is Omalizumab

A

Monoclonal antibody anti asthmatic

43
Q

Monoclonal antibody anti asthmatic MOA

A

Monoclonal antibody which selectively binds to immunoglobulin IgE which limits the release of mediator of the allergic response

44
Q

Omalizumab indications

A

Add on therapy for asthma

45
Q

Omalizumab SE

A

anaphylaxis

46
Q

Omalizumab nursing considerations

A

Monitor closely for hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis is big risk)

47
Q

what class is Roflumilast

A

Selective PDE-4 inhibitor

48
Q

Selective PDE-4 inhibitor MOA

A

Selectively inhibits PDE4 enzymes in the lung cells

49
Q

Roflumilast indication

A

Prevention of COPD exacerbations

50
Q

Roflumilast SE

A

N/V/D, headache, muscle spasms, decreased appetite, uncontrolled tremors

51
Q

Roflumilast nursing consideration

A

Not a rescue drug

ABSN (90 decks)

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