thyroid patho - E3 Flashcards
patho of the thyroid negative feedback loop
hypothalamus sense the body needs more metabolism TRH is released -> stimulates anterior pituitary to produce TSH -> the thyroid gland is stimulated to produce T4 (thyroxine) which then gets converted to T3 in the body -> once at a sufficient level, body tells hypothalamus to slow down TRH release
goiter
-enlarged thyroid gland
-caused by excess pituitary TSH or goitrogens (like lithium)
-can also be caused by low iodine levels
primary hypothyroidism
when the thyroid isn’t secreting enough T3 or T4 w/ increased levels of TSH
secondary hypothyroidism
when the thyroid isn’t secreting enough TSH
what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism
hashimoto’s thyroiditis -> an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack the thyroid causing low T3 & T4 levels but still have high TSH
hallmark is the antithyroperoxidase antibody & can also see antuthyroglobulin
hypothyroidism risk factors
female, >50, caucasian, pregnancy, hx of autoimmune disorders, family hx, medications, treatments for hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism late signs
-below normal temps
-bradycardia
-decreased LOC
-thickened skin
-cardiac complications (cardiomegaly)
hypothyroidism considerations
-put on a statin for HDL
-yellow skin
-causes anemia
-risk for medication toxicity d/t decreased kidney filtration
-hoarse voice
myxedema
severe hypothyroidism causing a coma & dermatological changes
dx of hypothyroidism
-high TSH
-low T3 & T4
-presents of the antibodies anti tg & anti TPO
what heart dysrhythmias can grave’s disease cause
Afib
heart failure
if you have hyperthyroidism, what routine screening do you need
eye exams d/t exophthalmos (periorbital edema & bulging eyes)
dx of
-low TSH
-high T3 & T4
-antithyrotropin receptor antibody & anti Tg
-ultrasound to see increased blood flow over thyroid will hear a bruite
-radioactive iodine scanning and measurement of iodine
