OB final - Newborn 1 Flashcards

1
Q

when is meconium suctioning done

A

when infant is pale, limp and have no respiratory effort or tone
healthy babies just get bulb suction

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2
Q

which was do you milk the umbilical cord

A

towards the baby

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3
Q

components of apgar

A

heart rate
respiratory effort
muscle tone
reflex irritability
color

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4
Q

normal newborn vitals

A

pulse: 110-160 (can go to 80 during sleep & 180 during crying)
temp: 97.7-99.5
res: 30-60

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5
Q

changes in respiration: mechanical

A

during the birth process, the fetal chest is compressed and squeezes fluid out
c section babies are more prone to fluid in the lungs & moms who had quick labor

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6
Q

changes in respiration: chemical stimuli

A

the first breath is triggered by increased pCO2 and decreased pH and pO2 triggers brain respiratory center to breath, this is a natural result of a normal vaginal birth

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7
Q

changes in respiration: thermal stimuli

A

-decrease in environmental temp after birth
-newborn responds w/ increase in respirations
avoid prolonged exposure to cold

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8
Q

changes in respiration: sensory stimuli

A

lights
sounds
gravity
touch

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9
Q

periodic breathing

A

when the baby pauses in respiration for up to 20 seconds and that os considered normal

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10
Q

apneic breathing

A

when breathing breaks are greater than 20 seconds and is considered abnormal

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11
Q

transient tachypnea of the newborn

A

progressive respiratory distress noted by at least 6 hours of age until 72 hours in more severe cases caused by
-LGA, late preterm, maternal over sedation, maternal bleeding, prolapsed cord, breech birth, maternal DM, C sections

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12
Q

transient tachypnea treatment

A

-chest xray
-oxyhood
-IV fluids or feeding tube

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13
Q

what can stimulate development of surfactant in the alveoli

A

-giving mother betamethasone
-rupture of membranes

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14
Q

respiratory distress is treated by

A

-oxygen therapy
-surfactant administration
-thermoregulation
-ECMO

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15
Q

newborn circulation

A

-increased systemic vascular resistance
-decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
enhances perfusion of body systems
-closure of ductus arteriosus so that blood goes from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
closure of the ductus venosus which forces perfusion to the liver

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16
Q

when should the foramen ovale close after birth

A

within 2 hours

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17
Q

at birth blood pressure is “” and is “” around 3 hours of age

A

highest, lowest

18
Q

convection heat loss in babies

A

loss of heat from warm body surface to the cooler air temps

19
Q

radiation heat loss in babies

A

heat is transferred from the heated body surface to a cooler surface or object not in direct contact with the baby

20
Q

evaporation heat loss in babies

A

loss of heat when water turns to vapor

21
Q

conduction heat loss in babies

A

loss of heat to a cooler surface by direct content

22
Q

causes of heat loss

A

-large surface area to body mass ratio
-decreased subQ fat
-increase body water content
-immature skin leading to increase evaporative water and heat losses
-poorly developed metabolic mechanism for responding to thermal stress
-altered skin blood flow

23
Q

why are preterms are at an even higher risk for thermoregulation issues

A

-lack a flexed posture for preserving heat
-very thin skin w/ capillaries close to the surface

24
Q

S/s of hypothermia

A

-acrocyanosis
-hypoglycemia
-transient hyperglycemia
-bradycardia
-tachypnea
-res distress
-decreased activity/lethargy
-feeble cry & poor feed
-decrease wt gain

25
Q

S/s of hyperthermia

A

-tachy
-apnea
-warm extremities, flushing, perspiration
-dehydration
-lethargic
-poor feeding
-irritability
-weak cry

26
Q

consequences of hypertermia

A

-hypotension & dehydration
-seizures & apnea
-hypernatremia
-res distress

27
Q

mgt of hyperthermia

A

-adjust environmental conditions
-move baby away from source of heat
-allow air temp if not already
-breastfeed frequently

28
Q

when does brown fat begin to form and stay until

A

26-28 weeks gestation and used until 3-5 weeks after birth for temp regulation

29
Q

cephalohematoma

A

a collection of blood that results from ruptured blood vessels between the cranial bone and the periosteum membrane
bleeding does not cross the sutures, which is a distinguishing factor

30
Q

what is a risk for babies with cephalohematoma

A

they have an increased risk for jaundice because the blood is going to have to break down so they’re going to have increased bilirubin + risk for anemia and hypotension

31
Q

caput succedaneum

A

soft tissue swelling that is in a localized soft area of the scalp and it does cross the sutures

32
Q

transient strabismus

A

cross eyed -> not treated at birth

33
Q

doll eyes

A

if you turn the baby, their eyes will go in the opposite direction d/t underdeveloped head eye coordination

34
Q

epstein pearls

A

small cysts in the mouth that are harmless and will go away

35
Q

how do you dx tethered cord syndrome and what does it cause

A

sacral dimple on exam then xray
can lead to weakness, numbness, and bladder/bowel problems

36
Q

phimosis

A

small opening of the foreskin that cannot be retracted causing urination problems

37
Q

hydrocele

A

fluid surrounding testes and scrotum

38
Q

cryptorchidism

A

failure of the testes to descend

39
Q

when do stork bites heal

A

by age 2

40
Q

nevus flammeus (port wine stain)

A

a capillary angioedema that is below the epidermis which is non elevated and looks red/purple on the face and it does not go away

41
Q

strawberry mark

A

a capillary human genomia that is newly formed in enlarged capillaries in the dermal and sub dermal layers. they are raised, dark red and rough type of birthmark that grows rapidly but later may shrink and resolves spontaneously