<3 dysrhyms - patho E3 Flashcards
what do cardiac muscle cells do
1) automaticity
2) excitability
3) conductivity
4) contractility
atrial depolarization
“the squeeze during systole”
P wave (little bump) caused by the SA node
delay at AV node
PR segment
ventricular depolarization
“the squeeze during diastole”
QRS complex (big peak) caused by AV node
ventricular repolarization
“filling the tank”
T wave
no electrical activity
isoelectric line
what are responsible for the left ventricular contractions
bundle of his & purkinje fibers
PR interval
-beginning of the P wave to the tip of R
-interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
QRS
-narrow
- less than 0.12 sec
sinus rhythm
-rate: 60-100
-rhythm: regular
-P wave: up & round before every QRS
-PR: 0.12-0.20 sec
-QRS: <0.12 sec
sinus arrhythmia
-a degree of variability in the heart rate
-a normal rhythm
-no changes to CO
-rate: 60 to 100
-PR: 0.12-0.20 sec
-QRS: <0.12 sec
**common in younger pop & associated w/ respiration or autonomic nervous system fluctuations
what causes dysrhythmias: inappropriate automaticity
a cell initiates action potentials when it isn’t supposed to
examples: myocardial ischemia & electrolyte imbalance
what causes dysrhythmias: triggered activity
an extra impulse is generated during or just after depolarization
ex: digoxin toxicity, SNS stim, genetics
what causes dysrhythmias: re entry
cardiac impulse in one part of the heart continues to depolarize after the main impulse has finished
ex: myocardial ischemia & electrolyte imbalance
sinus brady
-originates in the SA node
-regular rhythm
-PR: 0.12-0.20 sec
-QRS: <0.12 sec
-rate: <60
causes of sinus brady
-hyperK
-vagal response
-digoxin toxicity
-late hypoxia
-medications (betas, CCB, & amiodarone)
-MI
clinical manifestations of sinus brady
-lightheaded/dizzy
-easily fatigued
-syncope
-dyspnea
-chest pain/discomfort
-confusion