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ABSN > 321 adulthood & development > Flashcards

321 adulthood & development Flashcards

1
Q

young adult age category

A

young young adults: 18-24
older young adults: 25-35

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2
Q

young adulthood is defined by which social contexts

A

voting, culture, turning 21,

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3
Q

key milestones in young adulthood

A

economic independence, committed long term relationship, independent decision making, increase in critical thinking habits leaving parents/the person who took care of you

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4
Q

young adulthood biology

A

usually healthy and do not experience severe illnesses regularly time of physical and emotional changes

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5
Q

in young adulthood, what is the exception to physical growth being complete

A

pregnancy and lactation

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6
Q

when is physical growth complete

A

females: 17 y/o
males: 21 y/o

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7
Q

how do young adults treat illnesses?

A

do not take them seriously and usually postpone seeking health care

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8
Q

when does physical strength peak?

A

young adulthood (starts to change as person approaches middle adulthood, usually bc of diet and lifestyle)

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9
Q

self perception / self concept pattern (erikson) for young adults

A

development of increased sense of competency and self esteem -> intimacy vs isolation -> making attachments to others or not

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10
Q

life change adjustments for a young adult

A

-career change or career move
-relocation
-balancing multiple roles
-developing long term goals for family security

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11
Q

identity of young adulthood

A

-increasing separation from family authority
-beginning adult identity (career/work)
-work provides self esteem and socialization

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12
Q

work and personal responsibilities for a young adult

A

-beginning balance of personal and work responsibilities
-developing relationships within the workforce

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13
Q

characteristics of young adulthood

A

-healthiest time of life
-peak abilities (venturesome, daring, enterprising, aggressive)
- abstract, analytical thinking
-principled moral reasoning
-less experience of death
-risk takers
-lack of fear

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14
Q

challenges of young adulthood

A

-lots of changes needing adaptation leading to stress (+ or -)
-marriage/children/starting a career
-miscarriage/serious illness/divorce

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15
Q

achievement oriented stress

A

“internal pressure to succeed defined goals” (workaholic) -> affects you physically and emotionally leading too nutrition problems, lack of sleep & burn out very common in young adults

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16
Q

how can young adults adapt to challenges

A

-requires coping skills and problem solving
-stress mgt
-reaching out for help when it is needed

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17
Q

young adult health risks

A
  • “it wont happen to me”
    unintentional injuries
  • substance use
  • violence
  • suicide
  • risky sexual behavior
  • workplace hazards
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18
Q

nurses main focus for young adults

A

prevention !!
check up every 1-2 yrs to educate on deceasing the incidence of accidents, injuries and acts of violence, reduce drugs and alcohol. improve mental health

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19
Q

interventions for young adults

A

needs to be relatable to make them see it can happen to you

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20
Q

health promotions in young adulthood - exercise

A

ask about history w/ exercise and then focus on safety measures (helmets, protective equipment & sunscreen)

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21
Q

health promotions in young adulthood - sleep

A

insomnia effects 40 million per year which causes fatigue that affects work, stress and promotes inactivity. Recommendations include: change activity or stressors (ex: job switch), try new tasks/PA, sleep hygiene

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22
Q

infertility in young adults

A

increased risk for diagnosis in those over >25 years & it affects 10-15% of reproductive couples

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23
Q

nurses role in unintended pregnancy

A

educate on contraceptive and help clients choose method most appropriate to their needs

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24
Q

STIs

A

50% of all new STIs occur in people 24 or younger & they can have short term or long term impacts nurses education on contraceptives and how to prevent sti’s

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25
Q

Is depression in young adulthood increasing or decreasing

A

increasing

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26
Q

nursing role in depression

A

screening and if there is concerns for suicide risk have to ask “are you having thoughts about harming yourself?**, take action

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27
Q

general nursing application for young adults

A
  • role of counselor (listen, offer support, remove barriers, provide resources)
    -goals: maintaining optimal physical conditions, encouraging healthy habits, screenings, treating illness
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27
Q

general barriers to change for young adults

A

lack of knowledge & motivation, insufficient skills to change health status, undefined short & long term goals, lack of social support

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28
Q

age range for middle adulthood

A

36-64

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29
Q

what type of changes happen in middle adulthood

A

dynamic -> physiologic decline begins but still relatively healthy, early lifestyle choices begin to yield cost or benefit

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30
Q

sandwich generation

A

stage within middle adulthood that contains major economic productivity and family responsibility (caring for children & aging parents)

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31
Q

middle adulthood biology

A

-physiologic changes start ~ 45 y/o (grey hair, wrinkled skin, wt change, decline in hearing & near vision, menopause & climacteric)
-onset of chronic conditions

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32
Q

self perception / self concept pattern (erikson) - middle adulthood

A

generativity vs stagnation -> establishing or guiding the generation (productive & creative, desire to care) vs self absorbed, fails too care for others + critical review of life choices

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33
Q

midlife crisis

A

realizing physical decline, mistakes made, death is nearing, less time to make change but the usual results is acceptance (if no acceptance then it is considered a true midlife crisis)

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34
Q

middle adult challenges

A

divorce (self or offspring), young adults moving back home, raising grandchildren

35
Q

life events w/ potential disruptive effects on middle adulthood

A

two or more jobs families, divorce, caring for aging parents, death of spouse, unintended pregnancies

36
Q

leading causes of death in middle adulthood

A

heart disease (#1 for over 44y/o), malignant neoplaasms (#2), unintentional injuries many of these diseases are still preventable through lifestyle & routine primary care

37
Q

common chronic disease in middle adulthood

A

heart disease, arthritis, back & spine impairments, COPD, DM, mental health, dental disease

38
Q

sexuality - reproductive changes

A

all points of education & conversation & health history that should be addresses in middle adults consider pregnancies (un and in), hidden sti risks, changes in sex drive

39
Q

obesity in middle adulthood and health promotion

A

one of the biggest issues and leads to other chronic diseases -> nurses should educate on diets, encourage increase PA, manage wt to reduce risk for chronic disease

40
Q

exercise recommendations

A

30 mins five or more days/weeks (150 total mins)
goal is for it to be a continuous, rhythmic exercise (walking, swimming, biking)

41
Q

oral health and health promotion in middle adults

A

increase in gingivitis and periodontitis -> teach dental hygiene and making sure that we are encouraging our clients to have routine dental exams

42
Q

barriers to change in middle adulthood

A

lack of materials, social support, motivation, & knowledge, insufficient skills to change habits, undefined goals (short & long term)

43
Q

middle adults and nursing practice

A

-through identification of risk factors, health promotion and other nursing inventions, nurses help improve quality of life
-nursing practices focus on the personal habits and lifestyles of middle aged adults to improve their biological, spiritual & psychosocial development

44
Q

older adult age range

A

65+ years old

45
Q

key to older adult care

A

help them live longer but fulfilled lives with dignity and independence

46
Q

why are there so many older adults

A

-improved standard of living
-improved nutrition
-progress in medical care
-increased health consciousness (increase in HP effects)

47
Q

statistics on aging in the US

A

-23% men & 15% women are 65 years+
-by 2050, 1 million people will be 100 yrs or older
-older adults use most health care dollars in the last 7 years of life

48
Q

older adulthood biology

A

-identify normal age related changes from pathological process and illness
-older adults concepts of health generally depend on personal person perceptions of functional ability

49
Q

common chronic conditions in older adults

A

HTN, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, asthma, chronic respiratory, stroke

50
Q

Erikson’s development stages for older adults

A

1) generativity & stagnation - active involvement + care vs self absorption + boredom
2) integrity vs despair - acceptance of life + reconciliation of hopes compared to what actually happened vs not accepting of death

51
Q

misconceptions about older adults

A

-disease is normal and unavoidable
-HP is not important since their lives are almost over
-damage to health resulting from inactivity or poor nutrition is irreversible
-ageist beliefs about older adults

52
Q

the decline in health in old agge is primarily due to what

A

unhealthy lifestyle choices in earlier years

53
Q

what factors contribute to coping and stress in older adults

A

-decrease in strength & health
-retirement / lower income
-death
-new relationships w/ adult children
-slower responses
-keeping active & involved
-making satisfying living arrangements

54
Q

comprehensive assessment of older adults

A

-id individual strengths & weaknesses
-develop plan of care that corrects problems
-maintain health
-improve quality of life

55
Q

older adult assessment

A

a functional, physical, social and mental assessment of pt, caregiver, and environment

56
Q

goals of older adult assessment

A

improve quality of life by detecting any signs of impairment which may be amenable to early intervention
minimize hospitalization
-establish complete diagnoses that are frequently overlooked
-decrease over prescription of meds
-maintain health and health maintenance practices

57
Q

key principles of older adult assessment

A

-pt centered
-client/caregiver as an active partner
-focus on functional ability (“how do you manage x task”)
-multidisciplinary
-knowing what is abnormal vs normal (certain changes, lab values)

58
Q

health promotion in older adults

A

healthy wt & diet, staying active, fall prevention, maintaining relationships, regular medical check ups, shots, screenings

59
Q

SPICES assessment told

A

frame work that guides providers in assessing older adults, when done regularly can signal the need for more specific assessment and treatment
sleep disorders, problems w/ eating or feeding, incontinence, confusion, evidence of falls, skin breakdown
** help guide plans of care**

60
Q

HP for older adults - respiratory

A

-immunizations
-stop smoking
-daily exercise
-seeing HCP if SOB, infection more than 3 days, cannot tolerate fluids for 1+ day

61
Q

HP for older adults - cardio

A
  • rest when feel tired or SOB
    -daily exercise
    -wearing socks to bed
    -check for orthostatic changes (ed. to change positions slowly)
    -elastic stockings
62
Q

HP for older adults - nutrition & metabolic patterns

A

-proper nutrition for disease prevention and energy
-risk factors: low support or income
-problems: GI function, decreased smell/vision/taste, dental and swallowing issues, meds
-screen: health history, physical, labs, diet, functional status

63
Q

nutrition interventions

A

-assess contributing factors + use tools
-educate about nutrition
-provide info about food assistance programs (barriers: embarrassed to apply, lack of knowledge)

64
Q

HP for older adults - elimination patter

A

-bladder retains tone but capacity decreases
-incontinence leads to depression, UTI, skin breakdown, social isolation (tools to assess)
-incontinence is never a normal part of aging
-constipation (frequent finding) due to decreased motility, sedentary lifestyle & meds, decrease in fiber & fluids

65
Q

mgt of elimination patterns - incontinence

A

kegel, pilates, scheduling, intake mgt, decrease caffeine, disposable undergarments

66
Q

mgt of elimination patterns- constipation

A

education, increase exercise, increase fiber & fluid, caution against daily use of laxatives

67
Q

health promotion for exercise of older adults

A

pre exercise assessment and education on the benefits & starting out slow

68
Q

HP for older adults - sleeping pattern

A

-assessment tools
-do: schedule, exercise, ritual, quiet, dark, bed
-don’t: nap, activity right before bed, caffeine after mid morning, drink alc before bed, sleep meds, tobacco

69
Q

HP for older adults - cognitive

A

** cognitive problems are not apart of the aging process**
-assess & treat confusion (associated w/ UTI & pneumonia)
-dementia: increase quality of life & decrease morbidity and cost (keep routine, calm, encourage self care, reduce sensory overload)

70
Q

Benign forgetfulness

A

normal part of aging
-forgets but then remembers
-forgets unimportant events
-may repeat stories
-decline in abstraction, calculation, word fluency, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning but as little impact on day to day life

71
Q

strategies for benign forgetfulness

A

use mental retracing, reminders, notes to compensate

72
Q

nursing strategies for aging minds

A

confusion, disorientation, inappropriate behaviors, loss of ability to follow directions or concentrate are not a part of normal aging so evaluate and treat + look at meds & fluid/lytes imbalance
-attempt recall in calm, quiet place, use memory aid and techniques

73
Q

HP for older adults - impaired hearing

A

periodic hearing evaluations, encourage use of hearing aids, teach methods to improve communication (quiet, do not shout, face speaker)

74
Q

HP for older adults - visual changes

A

annual eye exam & glaucoma screening, bright non glare lights, limit night driving

75
Q

visual assessments to identify possible vision changes

A

miss match clothes, bruises from bumping into things, increase in car accidents

76
Q

HP for older adults - sexual & reproductive pattern

A

be matter of fact, approach that sex is normal and apart of everyday life
education on normal age related changes & their interventions, assess emotion, educate on STIs (s/s, treatments, preventions)

77
Q

HP for older adults - depression

A

not a normal part of aging
-may occur w/ chronic illness, impaired functional ability, loss
-s/s: flat affect, anorexia, wt loss, sleep problems, decreased ability to think and concentrate, decreased participation in activities & socialization

78
Q

HP for older adults - suicide

A
  • high rates compared to other countries
    -highest rates seen in men >75 years
    -risk factors: isolation, alcohol & drug abuse, psychosis, bereavement, & serious medical illness
    nurses need to assess & recognize, asking “have you thought about harming yourself” -> intervene
79
Q

HP for older adults - falls

A
  • 1 in 3 adults fall each year
    -causes: neurological, osteoporosis, stroke, sensory impairment (vision)
    -evaluate why fall causes and then evaluate injuries
    ** assess for falls (tool & motility w/ pt or ot) and teach safety interventions**
80
Q

biological agents that can cause serious illness or death in older adults

A

-influenza (vaccinate annually)
-pneumonia (vaccinate @ 65)
-high rates of cancer

81
Q

polypharmacy

A

-big problem in older adults
-often duplicate for same problem
-1/3 of all older adults take 5 or more prescriptions
-substance abuse is a growing problem

82
Q

Alcohol & Tobacco Use in Older Adults

A

often underestimated/hidden in this age group
-more vulnerable to effects of alc
-tobacco promotes multiple chronic health conditions
-beneficial to stop smoking >65 y/o

83
Q

within older adult abuse, what group is at the highest risk

A

older adult women dependent on a caregiver
nurses need to recognize and report

84
Q

nursing care can determine whether an older adult patient

A

-maintains health
-recovers from an illness
-maintains or regains function & independence
-achieves a peaceful death

85
Q

nursing interventions should support

A

-self care abilities
-practices that foster health while aging

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