depressive disorders (329 E2)

Question 1

depression epidemiology

Answer 1

-2x more common in women than men
-more prevalent in caucasians but more severe in African Americans
-seasonality worse in decreased sunlight
-socio economic status areas

Question 2

etiology of depression: biological factors

Answer 2

-genetic
-biochemical abnormalities (neurotransmitter, electrolyte, cortisol, hormonal imbalances)
-inflammatory process

Question 3

what type of thyroid disorder is commonly seen with depression

Answer 3

hypoactive thyroid
check T3, T4 & TSH levels

Question 4

etiology of depression: psychological factors

Answer 4

-cognitive theory psychological predisposition (negative and/or unrealistic expectations and perceptions)
-learning theory: learned helplessness

Question 5

contributing factors to depression: child

Answer 5

based on diathesis stress model
-detachment of primary caregiver
-parental separation or divorce
-death of loved one, including pet
-relocation
-academic failure
-physical illnesses

Question 6

contributing factors to depression: teens

Answer 6

adult & child theories apply as well
-conflicts w/ independence and maturation
-role confusion
-grief/loss

Question 7

contributing factors to depression: older adults

Answer 7

-societal attitudes: self esteem, helplessness, hopelesssness
-major stressors: financial problems, life changes, physical illness, grief/loss, decreased functional ability