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ABSN > OB exam 1- Repro Health & Fam > Flashcards

OB exam 1- Repro Health & Fam Flashcards

1
Q

mons pubis

A

protects pelvic bone

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2
Q

labia majora

A

protects underlying tissue

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3
Q

labia minora

A

inner folds of skin that protect the opening of the vagina and produce bactericidal secretions

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4
Q

clitoris

A

female erectile tissue

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5
Q

urethral meatus

A

the structure urine comes out of

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6
Q

skene’s glands

A

lubricates the vaginal opening

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7
Q

hymen

A

surrounds vaginal opening

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8
Q

perineal body

A

fibromuscular area of the vulva between the anus and vagina that stretches for delivery

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9
Q

vagina

A

a muscular membranous tube that connects the external genitals w/ the uterus “birth canal”

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10
Q

fundus of the uterus

A

the rounded muscular upper portion of the uterus that we massage after birth to control bleeding

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11
Q

anterior fornix

A

the area closer to the front of mom’s body

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12
Q

posterior fornix

A

the area around the cervix where semen can pool and collect near the backside of mom’s body

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13
Q

when not pregnant, the female uterus is typically tilted in what direction

A

posterior then as pregnancy goes on it moves more anteriorly

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14
Q

where does implantation of the fertilized egg occur

A

endometrium (the inner most layer)

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15
Q

broad ligament

A

the sheet that covers the pelvic cavity to help provide stability for the uterus in the pelvis and keeps it centrally placed

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16
Q

round ligament

A

help keeps the uterus in place and pulls the uterus down & forward to help the fetal presenting part get into the cervix in a good position bounces -> pulls up and down which can cause pain

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17
Q

cardinal ligament

A

chief uterine support helps suspend the uterus in the true pelvis which helps the uterus from prolapsing into the vagina
if prolapse occurs, think cardinal dysfunction

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18
Q

what is a common reason for prolapsing of the uterus

A

when the mother has a history of having large babies bc the ligaments become more stretched

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19
Q

isthmus

A

connects fallopian tube to the uterus
what we cut when a women gets her tubes tied

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20
Q

ampulla

A

the site where fertilization occurs

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21
Q

fimbriae

A

finger like projections that help to reach in and grab the egg to bring into the fallopian tube

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22
Q

ovaries

A

holds all the women’s egg and helps control hormones

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23
Q

what is the primary source for estrogen and progesterone before pregnancy

A

the ovaries

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24
Q

what is the primary source of progesterone once pregnant

A

the placenta once formed

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25
Q

what is a complication if progesterone levels are low

A

women struggle to get pregnant and/or struggles to maintain pregnancy

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26
Q

false pelvis

A

supports the weight of an enlarged pregnant uterus and helps to direct the fetus into the true pelvis the hips

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27
Q

true pelvis

A

the size must be adequate for the baby to pass through to allow for a vaginal delivery if not then cephalic pelvic disproportion
made up of the pelvic: inlet, cavity & outlet

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28
Q

pelvic inlet

A

determines if engagement of the baby’s head can occur

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29
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the curved bath

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30
Q

pelvic outlet

A

can the baby pass through the pubic arch and if not then can have outlet or shoulder dystocia

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31
Q

ischial spine

A

narrowest part of the bony pelvis and plays a role in fetal station determines if the baby can be delivered vaginally (part of the true pelvis)

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32
Q

breast reduction & implants and breastfeeding

A

breast reductions takes tissue so it will make it harder to BF but it is still possible with lots of stimulation feed more often & pump
implants add to the breast so do not cause a problem

33
Q

estrogen

A

female like characteristics breasts, widening of hips & uterus, increases body hair and sexual desire

34
Q

progesterone

A

stabilizes uterus for implantation after fertilization, makes cervix secrete thick protective mucus, involved with lactation & increased breast granular tissue

35
Q

prostaglandins

A

fatty acids that work together to both relax then constrict smooth muscles in the arteries

36
Q

FSH

A

“follicle stimulating hormone” helps egg follicle to mature

37
Q

LH

A

“luteinizing hormone” causes a decrease in estrogen production while allowing progesterone’ secretions to continue

38
Q

what are the two phases of the ovarian cycle

A

follicular (days 1-14)
Luteal phase (days 15-28)

39
Q

follicular phase

A

-immature follicle matures (producing egg) as result of FSH & estrogen
-Oocyte grows in follicle
-ovum (mature egg) discharged into fimbria of fallopian tube
at the same time, the endometrial lining will shed (menstrual phase) and then build back up (prolif pahse)

40
Q

luteal phase

A

-ovum leaves follicle
-ovum remains in ampulla if fertilized
-reaches uterus in 72-96 hrs after release then implants into endometrium & secrets human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
if not fertilized, ischemic phase
if fertilized, secretory phase

41
Q

what days in a 28 day cycle is a women most fertile

A

days 13-15 during ovulation

42
Q

what is day 1 of a cycle

A

the first day of bleeding

43
Q

what day in a 28 day cycle is considered ovulation

A

day 14

44
Q

in the proliferative phase, what change occurs to the women’s discharge to make it better for sperm

A

cervical mucus will become more elastic, thin and clear

45
Q

if the egg is fertilized, what will the follicle turn into

A

the corpus luteum and will produce progesterone to support the pregnancy until the placenta is developed

46
Q

secretory phase

A

after ovulation & fertilization has occurred, progesterone causes marked swelling of epithelium, vascularity of uterus increases to provide nourishing bed for implantation

47
Q

four phases of the menstrual cycle

A

1) menstrual
2) proliferative
3) secretory
4) ischemic

48
Q

when does the ischemic phase occur and what happens

A

happens if fertilization/implantation does not occur -> estrogen and progesterone levels decrease, corpus luteum degenerates and bleeding occurs AKA start of menstrual phase

49
Q

what is the purpose of the male scrotum

A

protect and control temperature of sperm

50
Q

where is sperm produced

A

the testes

51
Q

how long are the ova fertile after ovulation

A

12-24 hours

52
Q

how long does sperm live

A

48-72 hours

53
Q

how many chromosomes from each sperm and egg

A

23
female = XX
male = XY

54
Q

when chromosomes pair up what are they called

A

diploid zygote (46 chromosomes)

55
Q

mitosis

A

-growth and tissue repair
-process by which our body cells divide and replace themselves
-exact copies of original cell

56
Q

meiosis

A

process leading to development of egg & sperm to create a complete embryo
occurs during gametogenesis

57
Q

of the sac attached to the placenta, what is the inner and outer layer

A

inner: amnion
outer: chorion

58
Q

what provides nutrition to the fetus until placenta takes over

A

the yolk sac (first 12 wks)

59
Q

polyhydramnios

A

have more fluid than anticipating for either GA or >2000ml seen in twin pregnancy’s or in mothers w/ uncontrolled DM

60
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

less than 400ml of amniotic fluid or when AFI is less than 5 (normal is 5-25) seen w/ htn, kidney issue w/ baby or bladder obstruction

61
Q

placental function

A

-immunologic properties
-excretion
-fetal respiration
-production fetal nutrients
-production of hormones

62
Q

twins: two separate eggs each fertilized by a different sperm

A

fraternal

63
Q

twins: one egg that is fertilized by the same sperm that then splits

A

identical

64
Q

twins: one egg fertilized by one sperm and then the blastocyst divides around day 5, fetuses share a chorion and placenta but each have their own bag of water

A

identical mono/di

65
Q

twins: two eggs, two sperms and the blastocyst divides quickly creating two water bags and two chorion

A

fraternal di/di

66
Q

twins: one egg, one sperm and the blastocyst divides quickly creating two water bags and two chorion w/ a fused placenta

A

identical di/di
risk is that one baby hogs the placenta

67
Q

twins: one egg, one sperm and the blastocyst divides around days 8-12, fetuses share a chorion and water bag

A

identical mono/mono
high risk for cord tangling

68
Q

functions of amniotic fluid

A

-cushions
-controls temp
-allows movement
-can be analyzed
-promotes G&D esp lungs

69
Q

what L/S indicates the baby’s lungs have matured

A

> / 2:1

70
Q

umbilical cord structure

A

2 arteries: carries deoxygenated blood and waste from baby to placenta
1 vein: carries oxygenated blood from placenta to baby

71
Q

embryonic development: week 4

A

-heart beat
-arm & leg buds are present
-somites develope (vertebrae)
-primary lung buds present
-eyes and ears begin to form

72
Q

embryonic development: week 6

A

-body is straighter
-trachea developed
-nares present
-liver produces blood cells
-heart begins circulating blood
-digits develop
-tails begins to recede

73
Q

embryonic development: week 12

A

-spontaneous movements
-face well dev
-eyelids closed
-tooth buds appear
-genitals are well differentiated
-urine is produced
-fetal heart tones w/ doppler

74
Q

embryonic development: week 20

A

-fetal movement felt by mother
-brown fat
-vernix begins to form
-lanugo over entire body
-nipples and nails are present
-fetal heartbeat head by fetoscope

75
Q

embryonic development: week 24

A

-eyes complete
-vernix caseosa covers skin
-alveoli beginning to form
-both grasp & startle reflex
-finger & foot prints
considered viable at this stage

76
Q

embryonic development: week 28

A

-brain develops rapidly
-nervous system begins to regulate
-eyelids open
-testes begin to descend
-lungs can provide gas exchange

77
Q

embryonic development: week 36

A

-increase in subcutaneous fat
-lanugo begins to disappear

78
Q

embryonic development: week 38

A

-official full term (37 is term)
-skin smooth & polished
-vernix caseosa only in creases and folds
-head bigger than chest

ABSN (90 decks)

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