skin & neuro (333 E2) Flashcards
edema
1+: barley detectable, immediate rebound 2mm
2+: deep pit, a few seconds to rebound 4mm
3+: deep pit, 10-12 sec rebound 6mm
4+: very deep pit, >20 sec rebound 8mm
example of non pitting edema
swelling / swollen ankle
pallor
-loss of color, black skin can change to grey
-look in mucous membranes
-indications: anemia, shock, lack of blood flow
jaundice
-yellow discoloration -> look at sclera, skin, mucous membranes and palms of black individuals
-indications: liver dysfunction
erythema
redness, difficult to see in darker skin so palpate and look for warmth & texture changes
-indications: vasodilation, inflammation, sun exposure, elevated temp
risk factors for impaired skin integrity
-impaired sensory perception
-impaired mobility
-altered level of consciousness
how often should you check an incontinent pt
every hour
three major factors involved in pressure injury development
1) pressure intensity
2) pressure duration
3) tissue tolerance (low bp, poor nut, aging, hydration status)
intertriginous dermatitis
inflammatory dermatitis r/t moist skin rubbing together -> can lead to a yeast infection in skin folds, breast & penis
what nutrients are critical for wound healing
protein, vit A, vit C, zinc, copper
for braden, is lower or higher at increased risk for skin injury
lower
what are the 3 key components of wound mgt
1) assessment
2) cleansing
3) protection
hydrogel
for infected, deep wounds or necrotic tissue
not for wounds that drain a lot
alginates
non adherent dressing that conform to wounds shape and absorb exudate
collagen
powders, pastes, granules, gels
wound vacs
help w/ tissue generation, decrease swelling and enhance healing in moist, protective environment
what should we first be concerned about in a neuro assessment
oxygen
the 4 H’s of neuro
-hypoxia
-hypoglycemia
-hypotension
-hypoventilation
14 parts of a neuro statements
-subjective data
-mental status/LOC
-gait
-reflexes
-sensation
-coordination
-proprioception
-GCS/EMV
-pupils
-visual fields
-muscle strength
-speech
-swallowing
-gag
alert
-awake
-easily arousable
-receptive
-responsive
somnolent (lethargic)
-not fully alert
-drifts off to sleep when not stimulated
-appears drowsy
-awakens to name
-responds appropriately
-slow to respond
you wake someone up in the middle of the night
obtunded
-sleeps more of the time
-difficult to arouse (needs loud noise/vigorous shake)
-acts confused when aroused
-speech mumbled or incoherent
-requires constant stimulation to stay awake
can stay awake
stupor or semi comatose
-spontaneously unconscious
-responds only to vigorous shake or pain
-groans, mumbles
cannot stay awake
comatose completely unconscious
-no meaningful response to stimuli
-light coma, no purposeful movement, some reflex activity
-deep coma, no motor response
no motor response