urinary system exam cards Flashcards
renal capsule
inner layer of kidneys; composed of smooth irregular CT; holds shape of kidneys and protects them
adipose capsule
middle layer of kidneys; made of adipose tissue and holds kidneys in place and protects them
renal fascia
outer layer of kidneys; made of dense irregular CT; anchors the kidney against the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
3 layers of ureters
mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia
mucosa layer of ureters
transitional epithelium with underlying lamina propria
what is lamina propria made of?
areolar tissue
muscularis layer of ureters
3 layers of smooth muscle; inner longitudinal layer, middle circular layer, and outer longitudinal layer
adventitia layer of ureters
always adventitia; fibrous CT
mucosa layer of bladder
transitional epithelium that also contains rugae and goblet cells
muscularis layer of bladder
similar to ureter layer but contains thick detrusor smooth muscle
adventitia/serosa layer in bladder
adventitia except on superior surface where it is covered by peritoneum; fibrous CT
urethra epithelium
transitional near bladder and stratified squamous near orifice
3 parts of male urethra
prostatic, intermediate, and spongy; male urethra carries urine and semen
artery flow in kidneys
renal artery > segmental artery > interlobar artery > arcuate artery > cortical radiate artery > afferent arteriole > glomerulus > efferent arteriole
venous flow in kidneys
cortical radiate vein > arcuate vein > interlobar vein > renal vein
2 parts of the renal corpuscle
glomerular capsule and glomerulus
2 main parts of the nephron
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
parietal layer of renal corpuscle
simple squamous epithelium
visceral layer of renal corpusle
podocytes with foot processes that form filtration slits; lies on top of a basement membrane which lies on fenestrated capillary bed
anatomy of PCT
cuboidal epithelium with large mitochondria and lots of microvilli on apical side and infolded plasma membrane on basolateral side
descending limb anatomy
simple squamous epithelium
ascending limb anatomy
simple cuboidal epithelium
collecting duct anatomy
heterozygous simple cuboidal epithelium; contains microvilli and mitochondria but less than in PCT
2 types of cells in CT
principal cells and intercalated cells