HLTH 2501: skin tumors

Question 1

keratoses

Answer 1

are benign lesions that are usually associated with aging and skin damage

Question 2

2 types of keratoses

Answer 2

seborrheic and actinic

Question 3

seborrheic keratoses

Answer 3

result from proliferation of basal cells, leading to an oval elevation that may be smooth or rough and is often dark in colour

Question 4

where are seborrheic keratoses usually found?

Answer 4

the face or upper trunk

Question 5

actinic keratoses

Answer 5

occur on skin exposed to UV radiation and commonly arise in fair-skinned peple

Question 6

what do actinic keratoses appear as?

Answer 6

pigmented, scaly patch

Question 7

what type of keratose may develop into squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 7

actinic; this may remain in situ or spread to the intraepidermal layers

Question 8

guidelines to reducing skin cancers

Answer 8

reduce sun exposure, covering up with clothing, remaining in shade, applying sunblock > 15 that is broad-spectrum, and protecting infants from sun damage

Question 9

what UV rays may cause skin cancer?

Answer 9

A and B

Question 10

warning signs of skin cancer

Answer 10

a sore that does not heal, a change in shape, color, or texture, new moles, and one that bleeds, oozes, or itches

Question 11

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 11

is a painless, malignant tumor of the epidermis due to sun exposure

Question 12

where are squamous cell carcinomas usually found?

Answer 12

the face and neck

Question 13

where might smokes develop squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 13

the lip region and mucous membranes of the mouth

Question 14

scar tissue squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 14

scar tissue may develop into cancer, common in African Americans

Question 15

what may be a factor leading to invasive squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 15

leukoplakia

Question 16

signs of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 16

development of a scaly, slightly elevated, reddish lesion; irregular border; and central ulceration

Question 17

where may squamous cell carcinoma spread to?

Answer 17

the lymph nodes

Question 18

malignant melanoma

Answer 18

is a more serious skin cancer and develops from melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis

Question 19

what does the development of malignant melanoma depend on?

Answer 19

exposure to UV, genetic factors, and hormonal influences

Question 20

another word for mole

Answer 20

nevus

Question 21

what is a mole?

Answer 21

a collection of melanocytes

Question 22

what are suspected signs of melanoma

Answer 22

area of the mole has increased, border is irregular, colour of the mole has changed, and diameter of the mole is increased

Question 23

where do malignant melanoma develop?

Answer 23

often on the chest or back in men and on the legs in women

Question 24

where does malignant melanoma metastasize to?

Answer 24

the lymph nodes and other organs

Question 25

treatment for malignant melanoma

Answer 25

often are removed surgically, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy

Question 26

kaposi sacroma

Answer 26

is associated with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 27

who is kaposi often found in?

Answer 27

HIV patients, men from Eastern Europe or the mediterranean, and both genders from Africa

Question 28

what does kaposi sarcoma affect?

Answer 28

the skin and the viscera

Question 29

what causes kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 29

herpesvirus 8

Question 30

where do the malignant cells arise from in kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 30

the endothelium in small blood vessels

Question 31

signs of kaposi sarcoma

Answer 31

multiple skin lesions that are purple and often on the face, scalp, or oral mucosa, along with nonpruritic lesions, non painful macules, lesions that form irregularly shaped macules, and in immunocompromised patients, lesions may develop over the upper body and become painful

Question 32

treatment for sarcoma kaposi

Answer 32

radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, and biologic therapy

Question 33

photodynamic therapy

Answer 33

is used for keratoses and skin cancer and involves a light-sensitive drug in a cream that is absorbed by the tumor cells, and a laser then destroys the cells containing the chemical

Question 34

what is squamous cell carcinoma similar to?

Answer 34

basal cell carcinoma

Question 35

what colour are malignant melanomas?

Answer 35

usually brown or black but may appear pink, tan, or white

Question 36

types of skin tumors

Answer 36

keratoses, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and kaposi sarcoma