HLTH angina and MI

Question 1

what does coronary heart disease include?

Answer 1

angina pectoris or myocardial infarction

Question 2

what is the result of coronary heart disease?

Answer 2

damage to the myocardium due to obstruction in the coronary arteries, causing low O2 delivery which can lead to heart failure, death, or serious arrhythmias

Question 3

what is chest pain the result of?

Answer 3

angina

Question 4

angina and four causes

Answer 4

is chest pain when there is impaired supply of O2 to the heart or when the heart is working harder than usual; caused by obstructions such as atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, vasospasm, or myocardial hypertrophy

Question 5

atherosclerosis

Answer 5

build up of materials in the vessel walls

Question 6

arteriosclerosis

Answer 6

refers to arterilar disorders such as hardening of the vessel wall

Question 7

patterns of chest pain in angina

Answer 7

classic, variant, or unstable

Question 8

variant pattern of angina

Answer 8

is a vasospasm at rest

Question 9

unstable pattern of angina

Answer 9

the most serious type and occurs when there is a break in an atheroma

Question 10

causes of reduced O2 in angina?

Answer 10

tachycardia associated with hyperthyroidism or increased force of contractions due to hypertensions (stress, exercise, respiratory infection, or weather extremes)

Question 11

signs of angina

Answer 11

usually are recurrent and is chest pain that may radiate to the neck or left arm, pallor, excessive sweating, or nausea

Question 12

diaphoresis

Answer 12

excessive sweating

Question 13

treatment for angina

Answer 13

vasodilators such as nitroglycerin

Question 14

myocardial infarction

Answer 14

a heart attack that occurs as a result of the death of myocardial tissue to due ischemia

Question 15

risk for those who have had a recent MI?

Answer 15

reoccuring MI or stroke

Question 16

two classifications of MI’s

Answer 16

ST-elevation and non-ST elevaton

Question 17

5 subtypes of MI’s

Answer 17

type 1 is associated with an atherosclerosis; type 2 is a mismatch in myocardial O2 supply; type 3 is fatal; and type 4 and 5 are the result of medical procedures such as angioplasty

Question 18

three ways an infarction may occur in the coronary arteries

Answer 18

the thrombus obstructs the artery, vasospasm may occur, leading to total obstruction, or part of the thrombus breaks away and blocks a vessel

Question 19

what are most MI’s?

Answer 19

transmural meaning that are three heart layers are involved, as well most involve the left ventricle

Question 20

what happens when obstruction of coronary vessels occurs?

Answer 20

the heart tissue may become necrotic, leading to inflammation, ischemia, and enzymes released

Question 21

what are myocardial fibres replaced with?

Answer 21

fibrous, nonfunctional tissues

Question 22

warning signs of a MI

Answer 22

pressure, heaviness, or burning in the chest that radiates to the left arm or neck, shortness of breath, pallor, sweating, weakness, fatigue, low-grade fever, nausea, hypotension, anxiety and fear

Question 23

what can help prevent damage in someone who has had a MI?

Answer 23

thrombolytic therapy; if administered in 20 minutes, permanent damage is not sustained

Question 24

what enzymes are released during an MI?

Answer 24

aspartate aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase

Question 25

serum levels for a MI

Answer 25

will have high enzyme levels, elevated troponin and myosin, abnormal sodium and potassium, high WBCs, and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 26

why do MIs cause death?

Answer 26

arrhythmias and fibrillation, impaired conduction, and spontaneous impulses at an ectopic site

Question 27

how does cocaine cause MIs?

Answer 27

it can interfere with cardiac conduction and cause vasospam

Question 28

less severe complications of a MI?

Answer 28

necrosis of heart tissue or thromboembolism

Question 29

treatment for a MI?

Answer 29

O2 therapy, analgesics for pain, anticoagulants (aspirin or warfarin), medication to reduce dysrhythmias, a pacemaker, bypass surgery, or other drugs