HLTH 2501 module 4: lymphatic disorders Flashcards
lymphadenopathy
the most common disease of the lymphatic system and is an infection of the lymph nodes caused by bacteria or viruses
lymphomas
malignant neoplasms involving lymphocyte proliferation in the lymph nodes; include Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkins
Hodgkin disease
a type of lymphoma starting in lymphocytes (often originates in the lymph nodes but spreads to adjacent nodes and then to the organs); has good survival rates
what cells are defective in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
T lymphocytes
atypical cell in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg cell (giant cell present in the lymph node)
common staging system used for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Ann Arbor staging system
stage I for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
affects a single lymph node or region
stage II for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
affecting two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diagram in a relatively localised area
stage III Hodgkin’s lymphoma
involves nodes on both sides of the diaphragm and spleen
stage IV Hodgkin’s lymphoma
represents diffuse extralymphatic involvement such as bone, lung, or liver
signs of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
enlarged, painless lymph node initially, followed by tender lymph nodes at other locations; general cancer signs such as weight loss, anemia, low-grade fever, and fatigue; generalised pruritus, and recurrent infections
most effective drug combination for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
ABDV: adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine; administered often in three stages of four week intervals
Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
lack of reed-steinberg cells and instead there is an involvement of B lymphocytes; distinguished by multiple node involvement scattered throughout the body and a non-organized pattern of widespread metastases
multiple myeloma
a neoplastic disease involving mature B lymphocytes that produce antibodies; these replace the bone marrow and erode the bone, causing blood cell production to decrease
where do tumors often develop for those with multiple myeloma?
vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, and skull
