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Anatomy and Phyisology > HLTH week 1 terminology > Flashcards

HLTH week 1 terminology Flashcards

1
Q

diagnosis

A

the identification of a specific disease through the evaluation of sings, symptoms, and lab reports; more than one factor is needed for diagnosis

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2
Q

etiology

A

is concerned with the causative factors of a disease

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3
Q

idiopathic

A

when the cause of the disease is unknown

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4
Q

iatrogenic

A

when the cause of a disease is known

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5
Q

predisposing factor

A

the tendencies that promote the development of a disease; may indicate high risk but not certain development

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6
Q

prophylaxis

A

a measure designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease

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7
Q

pathogenesis

A

the development of the tissue changes related to a specific disease

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8
Q

acute

A

short term and obvious disease

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9
Q

chronic

A

a gradual development of disease that persists for a long period

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10
Q

insidious

A

gradual

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11
Q

subclinical state

A

when some conditions of pathologic changes occur before they are obvious

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12
Q

latent

A

silent stage when no clinical signs are evident

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13
Q

prodromal period

A

early period of a disease when one is aware of change but the signs are non specific

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14
Q

manifestations

A

the clinical evidence of effects of disease

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15
Q

signs

A

obvious to not just the individual with the disease

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16
Q

symptons

A

more subjective feelings

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17
Q

lesion

A

a specific local change in the tissue

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18
Q

syndrome

A

a collection of both signs and symptons

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19
Q

remissions

A

mark the course of progress; aka exacerbations

20
Q

precipitating factors

A

a condition that may trigger an acute episode such as a seizure

21
Q

complications

A

secondary problems that arise after the disease begins

22
Q

sequelae

A

the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary conditions

23
Q

convalescence

A

the period of recovery

24
Q

prognosis

A

the probability of recovery or other outcomes

25
Q

morbidity

A

the disease rates within a specific group

26
Q

morality

A

the number a deaths resulting from a particular disease

27
Q

epidemiology

A

the science of tracking the pattern of disease

28
Q

incidence

A

the number of new cases noted within a stated time period

29
Q

prevalence

A

the number of new and old or existing cases

30
Q

epidemics

A

a higher than expected number of cases within a given area

31
Q

communicable diseases

A

infections that can spread

32
Q

atrophy

A

the decrease of cell size

33
Q

hypertrophy

A

the increase in the size of individual cells

34
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increased number of cells

35
Q

metaplasia

A

when one mature cell type if replaced by a different mature cell type

36
Q

dysplasia

A

related to tissues when the cells vary in shape and size

37
Q

anaplasia

A

refers to undifferentiated cells with variable nuclei

38
Q

neoplasm

A

indicates new cell growth and is commonly a tumor

39
Q

2 types of defence mechanisms

A

specific or nonspecific

40
Q

first line of defence

A

a nonspecific mechanical barrier such as skin or a mucous membrane; blocks the entry of bacteria and harmful substances into the tissue

41
Q

second line of defence

A

nonspecific processes of phagocytosis and inflammation

42
Q

phagocytosis

A

the process by which neutrophils and macrophages engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris, or foreign matter

43
Q

third line of defence

A

the specific mechanisms that offer protection through unique antibodies or sensitised lymphocytes

44
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

45
Q

how do cells communicate with each other?

A

by chemicals or by forming protein channels between cells

46
Q

telomeres

A

prevent the shortening of chromosomes, increasing cell life

Anatomy and Phyisology (9 decks)

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