HLTH week 1 terminology Flashcards
diagnosis
the identification of a specific disease through the evaluation of sings, symptoms, and lab reports; more than one factor is needed for diagnosis
etiology
is concerned with the causative factors of a disease
idiopathic
when the cause of the disease is unknown
iatrogenic
when the cause of a disease is known
predisposing factor
the tendencies that promote the development of a disease; may indicate high risk but not certain development
prophylaxis
a measure designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease
pathogenesis
the development of the tissue changes related to a specific disease
acute
short term and obvious disease
chronic
a gradual development of disease that persists for a long period
insidious
gradual
subclinical state
when some conditions of pathologic changes occur before they are obvious
latent
silent stage when no clinical signs are evident
prodromal period
early period of a disease when one is aware of change but the signs are non specific
manifestations
the clinical evidence of effects of disease
signs
obvious to not just the individual with the disease
symptons
more subjective feelings
lesion
a specific local change in the tissue
syndrome
a collection of both signs and symptons
remissions
mark the course of progress; aka exacerbations
precipitating factors
a condition that may trigger an acute episode such as a seizure
complications
secondary problems that arise after the disease begins
sequelae
the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary conditions
convalescence
the period of recovery
prognosis
the probability of recovery or other outcomes
morbidity
the disease rates within a specific group
morality
the number a deaths resulting from a particular disease
epidemiology
the science of tracking the pattern of disease
incidence
the number of new cases noted within a stated time period
prevalence
the number of new and old or existing cases
epidemics
a higher than expected number of cases within a given area
communicable diseases
infections that can spread
atrophy
the decrease of cell size
hypertrophy
the increase in the size of individual cells
hyperplasia
an increased number of cells
metaplasia
when one mature cell type if replaced by a different mature cell type
dysplasia
related to tissues when the cells vary in shape and size
anaplasia
refers to undifferentiated cells with variable nuclei
neoplasm
indicates new cell growth and is commonly a tumor
2 types of defence mechanisms
specific or nonspecific
first line of defence
a nonspecific mechanical barrier such as skin or a mucous membrane; blocks the entry of bacteria and harmful substances into the tissue
second line of defence
nonspecific processes of phagocytosis and inflammation
phagocytosis
the process by which neutrophils and macrophages engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris, or foreign matter
third line of defence
the specific mechanisms that offer protection through unique antibodies or sensitised lymphocytes
apoptosis
programmed cell death
how do cells communicate with each other?
by chemicals or by forming protein channels between cells
telomeres
prevent the shortening of chromosomes, increasing cell life
