HLTH week 1 terminology

Question 1

diagnosis

Answer 1

the identification of a specific disease through the evaluation of sings, symptoms, and lab reports; more than one factor is needed for diagnosis

Question 2

etiology

Answer 2

is concerned with the causative factors of a disease

Question 3

idiopathic

Answer 3

when the cause of the disease is unknown

Question 4

iatrogenic

Answer 4

when the cause of a disease is known

Question 5

predisposing factor

Answer 5

the tendencies that promote the development of a disease; may indicate high risk but not certain development

Question 6

prophylaxis

Answer 6

a measure designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease

Question 7

pathogenesis

Answer 7

the development of the tissue changes related to a specific disease

Question 8

acute

Answer 8

short term and obvious disease

Question 9

chronic

Answer 9

a gradual development of disease that persists for a long period

Question 10

insidious

Answer 10

gradual

Question 11

subclinical state

Answer 11

when some conditions of pathologic changes occur before they are obvious

Question 12

latent

Answer 12

silent stage when no clinical signs are evident

Question 13

prodromal period

Answer 13

early period of a disease when one is aware of change but the signs are non specific

Question 14

manifestations

Answer 14

the clinical evidence of effects of disease

Question 15

signs

Answer 15

obvious to not just the individual with the disease

Question 16

symptons

Answer 16

more subjective feelings

Question 17

lesion

Answer 17

a specific local change in the tissue

Question 18

syndrome

Answer 18

a collection of both signs and symptons

Question 19

remissions

Answer 19

mark the course of progress; aka exacerbations

Question 20

precipitating factors

Answer 20

a condition that may trigger an acute episode such as a seizure

Question 21

complications

Answer 21

secondary problems that arise after the disease begins

Question 22

sequelae

Answer 22

the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary conditions

Question 23

convalescence

Answer 23

the period of recovery

Question 24

prognosis

Answer 24

the probability of recovery or other outcomes

Question 25

morbidity

Answer 25

the disease rates within a specific group

Question 26

morality

Answer 26

the number a deaths resulting from a particular disease

Question 27

epidemiology

Answer 27

the science of tracking the pattern of disease

Question 28

incidence

Answer 28

the number of new cases noted within a stated time period

Question 29

prevalence

Answer 29

the number of new and old or existing cases

Question 30

epidemics

Answer 30

a higher than expected number of cases within a given area

Question 31

communicable diseases

Answer 31

infections that can spread

Question 32

atrophy

Answer 32

the decrease of cell size

Question 33

hypertrophy

Answer 33

the increase in the size of individual cells

Question 34

hyperplasia

Answer 34

an increased number of cells

Question 35

metaplasia

Answer 35

when one mature cell type if replaced by a different mature cell type

Question 36

dysplasia

Answer 36

related to tissues when the cells vary in shape and size

Question 37

anaplasia

Answer 37

refers to undifferentiated cells with variable nuclei

Question 38

neoplasm

Answer 38

indicates new cell growth and is commonly a tumor

Question 39

2 types of defence mechanisms

Answer 39

specific or nonspecific

Question 40

first line of defence

Answer 40

a nonspecific mechanical barrier such as skin or a mucous membrane; blocks the entry of bacteria and harmful substances into the tissue

Question 41

second line of defence

Answer 41

nonspecific processes of phagocytosis and inflammation

Question 42

phagocytosis

Answer 42

the process by which neutrophils and macrophages engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris, or foreign matter

Question 43

third line of defence

Answer 43

the specific mechanisms that offer protection through unique antibodies or sensitised lymphocytes

Question 44

apoptosis

Answer 44

programmed cell death

Question 45

how do cells communicate with each other?

Answer 45

by chemicals or by forming protein channels between cells

Question 46

telomeres

Answer 46

prevent the shortening of chromosomes, increasing cell life