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Anatomy and Phyisology > HLTH 2501: substance abuse > Flashcards

HLTH 2501: substance abuse Flashcards

1
Q

another word for substance abuse

A

clinical dependency

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2
Q

substance abuse

A

refers to the inappropriate or unnecessary (nonmedical) use of drugs or chemicals that impairs a person’s function

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3
Q

what do drugs interfere with in the brain?

A

the reward system, thus increasing the cravings and promoting tolerance

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4
Q

habit

A

means a practice, often involuntary, of using drugs or other substances at regular and frequent intervals; can be caffeine, smoking, drugs, etc.

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5
Q

dependence

A

includes both physiological and psychological cravings for the substance

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6
Q

physiologic dependence

A

means that the body has adapted to the presence of the drug or chemical so that discontinuing the drug results in withdrawal signs such as tremors or abdominal cramps

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7
Q

psychological dependence

A

refers to continuing desire to take the drug to be able to function

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8
Q

tolerance

A

implies that, because the body adapts to the substance, in time, the amount of substance taken must be increased to achieve the same effect

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9
Q

addiction

A

is the most serious form of substance abuse or the uncontrollable compulsion to use a substance, often with serious consequences

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10
Q

2 ways that abused substances can be classified

A

by mode of action and source

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11
Q

mode of action

A

refers to if the drug is a depressant, a necrotic, a stimulant, or a psychedelic

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12
Q

example of a depressant

A

is alcohol and this depresses the CNS

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13
Q

example of a narcotic

A

painkillers like OxyContin and these cause euphoria and drowsiness

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14
Q

example of a stimulant

A

coffee

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15
Q

classification by source

A

refers to if the drug is legally prescribed, medications shared with others, those acquired from other sources, or medications combined with other substances such as alcohol

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16
Q

example of psychoactive substances available without restrictions

A

sleep inducing bills, cough syrups, spray paints, glue, or nail-polish removers; these substances often provide a short high followed by depression and disorientation

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17
Q

“speed”

A

is amphetamines

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18
Q

“angel dust”

A

phencyclidine

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19
Q

what is the effect of methamphetamine?

A

it stimulates the body by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, but subsequently damages dopamine-producing neurons in the brain

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20
Q

“blow”

A

heroin

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21
Q

function of ketamine

A

as an emergency pain reliever or a veterinary anesthetic

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22
Q

“bath salts”

A

synthetic cathinones that are cheaper “safer” substitutes for meth and cocaine

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23
Q

dronabinol

A

is a cannabinoid available for the controlled treatment of nausea, vomiting, and wasting associated with cancer chemo or AIDS

24
Q

other name for dronabinol

A

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

25
Q

example of a cannabinoid

A

dronabinol

26
Q

factors leading to substance abuse

A

genetics, family systems, homelessness, disease, the availability of drugs, stress, increased use of antianxiety medications, and increased acceptance of alcohol and weed

27
Q

M and M parties

A

occur among young individuals when their parents medicine cabinets are raided and combined at the party

28
Q

side effects of anabolic steroids

A

mood disorders, high BP, serious cardiac damage, liver cancer, and infertility

29
Q

what are the date rape drugs?

A

flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), gamma-hydroxybutyrate, or lorazepam

30
Q

national drug early warning system

A

is used to detect signals of new and emerging drug trends through novel surveillance methods

31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q

depressants vs stimulants

A

depressants decrease the level of NCS function whereas stimulants increase CNS activity

34
Q

general indications of substance abuse

A

change in behaviour, appearance (eyes), personality, daily living patterns, change in friends, and decreased performance and/or work; the person usually is angry, defensive or embarrassed when questioned

35
Q

synergism

A

can result in overdose or stronger reactions due to a combination of drugs, often including alcohol

36
Q

drug that induces sleep

A

barbiturates

37
Q

function of nalaxone

A

can stimulate the respiratory drive which is depressed during an overdose

38
Q

common withdrawal symptoms

A

irritability, tremors, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, high BP, psychotic episodes, and convulsions

39
Q

alcohol consumption late in pregnancy

A

is more likely to cause cognitive and behavioural abnormalities than physical defects

40
Q

smoking and pregnancy effects

A

decreases blood flow through the placenta, leading to an increased risk of stillbirths, babies w/ low birthweight, and increased irritability in the infant

41
Q

cocaine and pregnancy

A

can cause the newborn to go through withdrawal and also can decrease the placental blood supply to the fetus, resulting in developmental defects or premature birth

42
Q

effects of stimulants on the cardiovascular system

A

can cause irregular heartbeat and increased blood pressure, leading to heart attacks, strokes, or heart failure at a younger age

43
Q

infection and substance abuse

A

systemic infections like hep B and HIV are common in drug users who share needles

44
Q

effects of hallucinogens on the brain

A

can cause a distorted interpretation of sensory input in the brain, with little or no control over the experience

45
Q

examples of hallucinogens

A

lysergic acid diethylamide and PCP

46
Q

physical effects of hallucinogens

A

increased BP, nausea, and tremors

47
Q

effects of ecstasy (MDMA)

A

cause increase basal metabolism and body temperature and also is associated with dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

48
Q

another name for alcoholic liver disease

A

laennec cirrhosis

49
Q

alcoholic liver disease

A

develops in those with chronic alcoholism and includes metabolic changes in the liver, leading to lipid accumulation in the cells, then inflammation and necrosis, and finally fibrosis or scar tissue formation

50
Q

hepatotoxin

A

is alcohol and is a substance that causes metabolic changes in the liver

51
Q

alcohol and nervous system damage

A

can cause nerve damage due to neurotoxicity and malnutrition; causes a combination of Wernicke syndrome and Korsakoff psychosis

52
Q

Wernicke syndrome

A

is confusion, disorientation, and loss of motor coordination and is manifested by alcohol abuse

53
Q

korsakoff psychosis

A

involves altered personality and amnesia due to alcohol abuse

54
Q

methadone

A

is a synthetic opioid that prevents withdrawal symptoms, improves function, and lessens the crave for narcotics

55
Q

disulfiram

A

is a deterrent to alcohol use, in which is causes unpleasant reactions like headache, vomiting, difficulty breathing and visual problems

56
Q

what deficiencies are common in those with substance abuse?

A

protein and vitamin B

Anatomy and Phyisology (94 decks)

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