HLTH 2501: substance abuse

Question 1

another word for substance abuse

Answer 1

clinical dependency

Question 2

substance abuse

Answer 2

refers to the inappropriate or unnecessary (nonmedical) use of drugs or chemicals that impairs a person’s function

Question 3

what do drugs interfere with in the brain?

Answer 3

the reward system, thus increasing the cravings and promoting tolerance

Question 4

habit

Answer 4

means a practice, often involuntary, of using drugs or other substances at regular and frequent intervals; can be caffeine, smoking, drugs, etc.

Question 5

dependence

Answer 5

includes both physiological and psychological cravings for the substance

Question 6

physiologic dependence

Answer 6

means that the body has adapted to the presence of the drug or chemical so that discontinuing the drug results in withdrawal signs such as tremors or abdominal cramps

Question 7

psychological dependence

Answer 7

refers to continuing desire to take the drug to be able to function

Question 8

tolerance

Answer 8

implies that, because the body adapts to the substance, in time, the amount of substance taken must be increased to achieve the same effect

Question 9

addiction

Answer 9

is the most serious form of substance abuse or the uncontrollable compulsion to use a substance, often with serious consequences

Question 10

2 ways that abused substances can be classified

Answer 10

by mode of action and source

Question 11

mode of action

Answer 11

refers to if the drug is a depressant, a necrotic, a stimulant, or a psychedelic

Question 12

example of a depressant

Answer 12

is alcohol and this depresses the CNS

Question 13

example of a narcotic

Answer 13

painkillers like OxyContin and these cause euphoria and drowsiness

Question 14

example of a stimulant

Answer 14

coffee

Question 15

classification by source

Answer 15

refers to if the drug is legally prescribed, medications shared with others, those acquired from other sources, or medications combined with other substances such as alcohol

Question 16

example of psychoactive substances available without restrictions

Answer 16

sleep inducing bills, cough syrups, spray paints, glue, or nail-polish removers; these substances often provide a short high followed by depression and disorientation

Question 17

“speed”

Answer 17

is amphetamines

Question 18

“angel dust”

Answer 18

phencyclidine

Question 19

what is the effect of methamphetamine?

Answer 19

it stimulates the body by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, but subsequently damages dopamine-producing neurons in the brain

Question 20

“blow”

Answer 20

heroin

Question 21

function of ketamine

Answer 21

as an emergency pain reliever or a veterinary anesthetic

Question 22

“bath salts”

Answer 22

synthetic cathinones that are cheaper “safer” substitutes for meth and cocaine

Question 23

dronabinol

Answer 23

is a cannabinoid available for the controlled treatment of nausea, vomiting, and wasting associated with cancer chemo or AIDS

Question 24

other name for dronabinol

Answer 24

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Question 25

example of a cannabinoid

Answer 25

dronabinol

Question 26

factors leading to substance abuse

Answer 26

genetics, family systems, homelessness, disease, the availability of drugs, stress, increased use of antianxiety medications, and increased acceptance of alcohol and weed

Question 27

M and M parties

Answer 27

occur among young individuals when their parents medicine cabinets are raided and combined at the party

Question 28

side effects of anabolic steroids

Answer 28

mood disorders, high BP, serious cardiac damage, liver cancer, and infertility

Question 29

what are the date rape drugs?

Answer 29

flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), gamma-hydroxybutyrate, or lorazepam

Question 30

national drug early warning system

Answer 30

is used to detect signals of new and emerging drug trends through novel surveillance methods

Question 34

depressants vs stimulants

Answer 34

depressants decrease the level of NCS function whereas stimulants increase CNS activity

Question 34

general indications of substance abuse

Answer 34

change in behaviour, appearance (eyes), personality, daily living patterns, change in friends, and decreased performance and/or work; the person usually is angry, defensive or embarrassed when questioned

Question 35

synergism

Answer 35

can result in overdose or stronger reactions due to a combination of drugs, often including alcohol

Question 36

drug that induces sleep

Answer 36

barbiturates

Question 37

function of nalaxone

Answer 37

can stimulate the respiratory drive which is depressed during an overdose

Question 38

common withdrawal symptoms

Answer 38

irritability, tremors, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, high BP, psychotic episodes, and convulsions

Question 39

alcohol consumption late in pregnancy

Answer 39

is more likely to cause cognitive and behavioural abnormalities than physical defects

Question 40

smoking and pregnancy effects

Answer 40

decreases blood flow through the placenta, leading to an increased risk of stillbirths, babies w/ low birthweight, and increased irritability in the infant

Question 41

cocaine and pregnancy

Answer 41

can cause the newborn to go through withdrawal and also can decrease the placental blood supply to the fetus, resulting in developmental defects or premature birth

Question 42

effects of stimulants on the cardiovascular system

Answer 42

can cause irregular heartbeat and increased blood pressure, leading to heart attacks, strokes, or heart failure at a younger age

Question 43

infection and substance abuse

Answer 43

systemic infections like hep B and HIV are common in drug users who share needles

Question 44

effects of hallucinogens on the brain

Answer 44

can cause a distorted interpretation of sensory input in the brain, with little or no control over the experience

Question 45

examples of hallucinogens

Answer 45

lysergic acid diethylamide and PCP

Question 46

physical effects of hallucinogens

Answer 46

increased BP, nausea, and tremors

Question 47

effects of ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 47

cause increase basal metabolism and body temperature and also is associated with dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 48

another name for alcoholic liver disease

Answer 48

laennec cirrhosis

Question 49

alcoholic liver disease

Answer 49

develops in those with chronic alcoholism and includes metabolic changes in the liver, leading to lipid accumulation in the cells, then inflammation and necrosis, and finally fibrosis or scar tissue formation

Question 50

hepatotoxin

Answer 50

is alcohol and is a substance that causes metabolic changes in the liver

Question 51

alcohol and nervous system damage

Answer 51

can cause nerve damage due to neurotoxicity and malnutrition; causes a combination of Wernicke syndrome and Korsakoff psychosis

Question 52

Wernicke syndrome

Answer 52

is confusion, disorientation, and loss of motor coordination and is manifested by alcohol abuse

Question 53

korsakoff psychosis

Answer 53

involves altered personality and amnesia due to alcohol abuse

Question 54

methadone

Answer 54

is a synthetic opioid that prevents withdrawal symptoms, improves function, and lessens the crave for narcotics

Question 55

disulfiram

Answer 55

is a deterrent to alcohol use, in which is causes unpleasant reactions like headache, vomiting, difficulty breathing and visual problems

Question 56

what deficiencies are common in those with substance abuse?

Answer 56

protein and vitamin B