BIOL 1260: adaptive immunity Flashcards
5 features of adaptive immunity
specificity, inducible, clonality, unresponsiveness to self, and memory
specificity meaning
each adaptive immune response is targeted against a single molecular shape unique to the infecting pathogen; ex. it will target a unique receptor
inducibile meaning
the system is not on all the time but is activated in response to specific pathogens
clonality meaning
once a T or B cell is induced, they will divide rapidly, creating many clones
unresponsiveness to self meaning
cells of the adaptive immune system do not react to normal healthy cells of the body; autoimmune disorder is a mutation of this
memory meaning
once your body has had a particular pathogen, the adaptive system retains that memory, making it easier to fight the infection if it reoccurs in the future
key cells in adaptive response
the lymphocytes
where do lymphocytes originate?
the red bone marrow of juvenile long bones and adult flat bones
two types of lymphocytes
B and T
B cells origin and maturation location
arise in red bone marrow and mature in red bone marrow
what are other names for B cell adaptive immunity?
humoral response or antibody-mediated response
primary function of B cells
are the primary line of defence in the humor (body fluids like the blood or ISF) by producing and secreting antibodies
T cells two subgroups
helper T cells (TH) or cytotoxic T cells (TC)
T cells origin and maturation location?
origin is red bone marrow and they mature in the thymus
function of T cells
to regulate the adaptive immune response (helper T cells) and attack intracellular pathogens like viruses (cytotoxic T cells)
another name for T cells adaptive immunity response?
cell-mediated immune response
antigen
the pathogen structure that is biochemical shapes that the body recognizes as belonging to a specific foreign invader; antigen in not the pathogen but is the features of the pathogen
epitope
the specific 3D part of the antigen that your body responds to
antigen vs epitope
antigen is the large structure and epitopes are unique structures that are a part of the antigen
3 properties that make an antigen easy to identify
shape, size, and complexity
shape of antigen
the more complex the shape, the easier it is to identify that the antigen is not part of the host body; this is because antigens possess epitopes with a unique 3D geometry
size of antigen
larger molecules are favoured because they are less likely to avoid detection and may have more epitopes
complexity of antigens
the more complex the antigen, the easier it is to identify because it will have more epitopes
examples of antigen features
components of bacterial well wall, pili, capsules, flagella, capsomeres, external structures of fungi and protists like glycoproteins, and allergens like pollen grains, dander (skin flakes), or dust particles