Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Phyisology > HLTH 2501: potential complications of pregnancy and embryonic development > Flashcards

HLTH 2501: potential complications of pregnancy and embryonic development Flashcards

1
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

occurs when the zygote is implanted outside the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is the prevalence of ectopic pregnancies increasing?

A

due to an increase in pelvic inflammatory disease that may scar the tube and restrict movement of the zygote to the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

possible complications of an ectopic pregnancy

A

spontaneous abortion, rupture of the tube (causing hemorrhage or peritonitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pregnancy induced hypertension

A

refers to a state of high BP (> 140/90 mm Hg) that develops after 20 weeks of gestation and returns to normal after delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

potential complications of pregnancy-induced hypertension

A

damaged blood vessels in the kidneys and retina, stroke, or heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are serious conditions of hypertension in pregnancy (2)?

A

preeclampsia and eclampsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

signs of preeclampsia and eclampsia

A

kidney dysfunction, weight gain, and edema in the face, hands, feets, and legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

complication for preeclampsia

A

HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what help HELLP progress to?

A

coagulation disorders such as disseminated intravascular coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

relationship between preeclampsia and eclampsia

A

preeclampsia may progress to eclampsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

eclampsia

A

when the BP is extremely high and generalized (grand mal) seizures or coma develops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

is diabetes mellitus that can develop in women during pregnancy due to increased glucose intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

risks to the fetus of gestational diabetes mellitus

A

if blood glucose is higher during the first trimester, the newborn can be larger in size and experience problems regulating their own blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treatment for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

A

dietary management and sometimes insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

placenta previa

A

occurs when the placenta is implanted in the lower uterus or over the cervical os (passageway between uterus and cervix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

complications of placenta previa

A

the uterus expands and contracts near the end of pregnancy, causing the placenta to tear and for bleeding to occur (bright red and painless)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

abruptio placentae

A

refers to premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, resulting in bleeding that may or may not be evident vagianlly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

signs of abruptio placentae

A

dark red bleeding and abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thromboembolisms

A

aka blood clots; these are common after childbirth and usually develop in the veins of the legs or pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how to prevent thromboembolism after birth?

A

walking and being up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

phlebothrombosis

A

thrombus forming spontaneously usually due to stasis of blood or increased coagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

occurs when the clot forms over an inflamed area in the vein wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pulmonary embolus

A

occurs when a piece of the thrombus breaks away and will flow will venous blood to the right side of the heart, then lungs and obstruct blood flow in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

treatment for thromboembolism

A

do not massage and antiembolic stockings or bed rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
disseminated intravascular coagulation
is a secondary complication of events such as abruptio placentae and preeclampsia and occurs when an increased activation of the clotting mechanism occurs
26
what can disseminated intravascular coagulation lead to?
hemorrhage during early stages or formation of multiple thrombi, leading to tissue or organ damage in later stages
27
where does bleeding occur during disseminated intravascular coagulation?
from the uterus, injection sites, from the nose or mouth, or from under the skin
28
what is hemolytic disease of the newborn called?
erythroblastosis fetalis
29
possible complications of hemolytic disease in second pregnancy
severe anemia, high serum bilirubin (resulting in jaundice), neurological damage, and heart failure
30
treatment for the fetus in hemolytic disease
early birth of intrauterine transfusion
31
treatment for hemolytic disease after birth
transfusion and phototherapy for jaundice (exposure to fluorescent or blue light)
32
indirect coombs test
is routine screening of maternal blood for Rh antibodies
33
puerperal infection
is childbed fever in mothers and is an infection of the reproductive tract at any time during the 6 weeks after birth; can be endogenous or exogenous
34
common organisms causing puerperal infection
group B hemolytic streptococcus, E coli, S aureus, mycoplasma, and chlamydia trachomatis
35
endometritis
is inflammation of the uterine lining and is common is mothers due to the separation of the placenta which leaves raw tissue vulnerable
36
signs of endometritis
fever, vomiting, lower abdominal pain, and foul-smelling discharge
37
endometritis spread
can spread to cause pelvic cellulitis or peritonitis
38
peritonitis signs
severe pain, high fever, tachycardia, and abdominal distention
39
potential complications of endometritis
infertility due to scar tissue resulting from infection in the tubes or ovaries
40
risks of adolescent pregnancy
small pelvis causing labor problems, anemia, smoking, drugs, alcohol, and lack of prenatal care
41
babies born to adolescent mothers
are often smaller
42
what does the inner mass of the zygote become?
the fetus
43
what does the outer mass of the zygote become?
the placenta and amnion
44
period of fetus development from 3-8 weeks
is the embryonic stage
45
organogenesis
occurs during the embryonic stage and includes cells divides, moeing, and differentiating to form the basic elements of the organs and external structures
46
when are all organs formed in fetus development?
by the end of 8 weeks
47
when does the fetal heart start beating?
4 weeks
48
tetraogen
any substance or situation that causes a developmental abnormality
49
common teratogens
drugs, viruses, smoking, alcohol, and radiation
50
viruses that cause damage to fetuses
rubella or erythema infectiosum
51
what can erythema infectiosum cause?
severe anemia in the fetus and possibly death
52
smoking damage to fetus
can result in a child that is low in birthweight and irritable, and a risk of placenta previa
53
fetal alcohol syndrome
impairs a child's neurological and intellectual development, as well as causing unique physical characteristics
54
folic acid beneifts
can reduce the chances of neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly
55
when is the term fetus used?
at 8 weeks
56
when do teratogens have the greatest damage?
before 8 weeks because organs aren't formed yet
57
functional impairment
refers to fetus damage of the CNS due to teratogens and can occur at any time
58
last trimester
the fetus gains weight and organs such as the lungs mature
59
name for identical twins
monozygotic; this occurs when the developing embryo divides to form two separate, genetically identical embryos
60
name for fraternal twins
dizygotic; this occurs when two ova and fertilized by two different sperm
61
what is the diagnosis of pregnancy based on?
the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the plasma or urine
62
what is hCG secreted by?
the chorionic villi which is part of the outermost extraembryonic membrane
63
positive signs of pregnancy
includes a fetal heartbeat, ultrasound visualization, and fetal movement
64
how is the fetal heartbeat detected?
auscultation via a stethoscope
65
gestation
refers to the length of time since the first day of the last menstrual period and equals 40 weeks; this is 2 weeks longer that the age of the child
66
gravidity
refers to the number of pregnancies; ex. primigravida is a woman who is pregnant for the first time
67
parity
refers to the number of pregnancies in which the fetus has reached viability (apprx. 22 weeks)
68
amniocentesis
is the withdrawal of a small amount of amniotic fluid including some sloughed cells after 14 weeks
69
villus sampling
can be useful in chromosomal examination
70
what hormones does the placenta create?
estrogen and progesterone, causing these levels to rise during pregnancy as they are important for development of the uterus, maintenance of pregnancy, and preparation of the breasts for lactation
71
thyroid during pregnancy
the thyroid gland goes through hyperplasia as the production of thyroxine increases to support the mothers metabolism
72
how does the uterus change during pregnancy?
it increases in size due to estrogen, increases in fibrous tissue, and the number of vessels increases
73
what does the uterus put pressure on?
the bladder, the rectum, and the diaphragm (leads to shortness of breath)
74
goodell sign
refers to the changes in the cervix and vagina and that the tissues soften
75
chadwick signs
refers to the changes in the cervix and vagina in which the mucosal lining becomes a deeper purple colour
76
changes in the reproductive structures during pregnancy
uterus grows and becomes more vascular and fibrous, cervix and vagina soften and become purple, cervical mucus thickens, vaginal secretions increase, breasts grow, and bluish veins on the breast become more prominent
77
where does extra weight come from during pregnancy
the baby, the placenta, the amniotic fluid, breast tissue, blood supply, stored fat for delivery, and a larger uterus; total gain is about 25-30 pounds
78
digestive system changes during pregnancy
nausea and vomiting increase (this can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances), heartburn may develop, bloating, abdominal discomfort, constipation, and hemorrhoids
79
hyperemesis gravidarum
is severe, uncontrollable vomiting
80
role of progesterone in digestion for pregnant women
it relaxes the smooth muscle in the GI tract, but decreases mobility
81
hemorrhoids
are dilated veins in the anal canal; can be painful, bleed, or become infected
82
musculoskeletal changes in pregnant women
the pelvic joint relaxes (widens the hips) and weight can cause lordosis leading to backache
83
cardiovascular changes during pregnancy
BV increases to supply to fetus (leads to edema), vascular resistance decreases as smooth muscle relaxes, HR increases slightly during the last trimester, and varicose veins develop
84
iron and pregnancy
is important as the fetus requires iron from hte mother
85
why do varicose veins develop in pregnant women?
because the restriction of blood flow in the veins to the heart is decreased due to the pressure of the uterus; common in women who stand a lot

Anatomy and Phyisology (94 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions