Chapter 9: Diseases and Conditions of the Respiratory System: Diagnosis Flashcards
What is the diagnosis of Common Cold/Upper Respiratory Traction Infection
symptoms described by patient; culture of nasal discharge and sputum may be needed
What is the diagnosis of Sinusitis
evaluating the findings of physical examination; sinuscopy;
What is the diagnosis of Pharyngitis
physical examination shows red, swollen mucous membranes; for chronic identify source
What is the diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
full clinical exam of head and neck and endoscopic examination; fine-needle aspiration biopsy
What is the diagnosis of Laryngitis
mildly or highly inflamed mucosa, and vocal cord movement may be limited
What is the diagnosis of Deviated Septum
nasal speculum to see if undetected
What is the diagnosis of Nasal Polyps
examines in the nose with nasal speculum; pearly gray lumps
What is the diagnosis of Anosmia
no physical abnormality or patient history reveals no cause; see neurologist then
What is the diagnosis of Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
history regarding frequency of nosebleeds, whether injury, or systemic disease present
What is the diagnosis of Tumors of the Larynx
otolaryngologist examines; biopsy to determine whether malignant
What is the diagnosis of Laryngeal Cancer
diagnosed early because of hoarseness occurs early; fiberoptic endoscopy aloows visualization of larynx
What is the diagnosis of Hemoptysis
determining source of bleeding; visual examination of nasopharynx; determine underlying cause
What is the diagnosis of Atelectasis
radiographic chest films; physical examination; CT scans; Bronchoscopy
What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
clinical picture along with history of physical immobility; lung scans; CT angiography
What is the diagnosis of Pneumonia
physical examination; ABG’s; bronchoscopy; sputum and culture
What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Abscess
decreased breath sounds reveal on chest auscultation
What is the diagnosis of Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever)
radiographic chest studies and testing of blood samples; culture from sputum to ID Legionella bacterium
What is the diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
lavage of nasal pharynx examined for presence of RSV
What is the diagnosis of Histoplasmosis
positive skin test result; blood serologic findings specific for fungus; radiographic chest films
What is the diagnosis of Influenza
similar to common cold, amount of time passed since onset is most important; may suspect TB
What is the diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Bronchitis
basis of patient’s symptoms and history; radiographic chest studies, PFT’s, ABG’s
What is the diagnosis of Bronchiectasis
radiographic chest films; high-resolution CT scan; PFT’s
What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Emphysema
clinical examination and thorough patient history; exposure to respiratory irratants and cigarette smoking lead to finding it; rhonchi experienced
What is the diagnosis of Pneumoconiosis
patient history and physical examination; radiographic chest studies; PFT’s; ABG’s
What is the diagnosis of Pleurisy (Pleuritis)
symptoms, history, and physical examination; pleural rub on auscultation; Thoracostomy
What is the diagnosis of Pneumothorax
radiographic films show air in pleural cavity, collapsed portion of the lung, and mediastinal shift
What is the diagnosis of Hemothorax
breath sounds diminished or absent; radiographs show blood in pleural space; ABG shows respiratory failure
What is the diagnosis of Flail Chest
history of chest trauma and observing paradoxical movement of chest wall
What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Mantoux test (purified protein derivative or PPD test)-standard test
What is the diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
examination of blood smear and immunologic study of blood serum; antinuclear antibody (ANA); EBV serology
What is the diagnosis of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
underlying cause such as trauma, pneumonia, fulminating sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, hypovolemic shock, etc.
What is the diagnosis of Sarcoidosis
difficult to detect; laboratory tests and pulmonary function studies are helpful; biopsy of affected tissue confirms
What is the diagnosis of Lung Cancer
symptomatic at time of diagnosis; sputum cytology analysis that is positive for malignant cells is useful for diagnosis
