Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Terms Flashcards
is a condition involving the arteries supplying the myocardium (heart muscle). arteries become narrowed by atherosclerotic deposits over time, causing temporary cardiac ischemia and eventually MI (myocardial infarction, or heart attack)
Coronary Artery Disease
chest pain due to ischemic during or shortly after exertion, is the result of reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium
Angina Pectoris
death of myocardial tissue caused by the development of ischemia
Myocardial Infarction
sudden, unexpected cessation of cardiac activity
Cardiac Arrest
a condition of abnormally high blood pressure in the arterial system, has an insidious onset, with the patient exhibiting few, if any, symptoms until permanent damage has occurred
Essential Hypertension
a life-threatening condition, is a severe form of hypertension
Malignant Hypertension
is an acute or chronic inability of the heart to pump enough blood throughout the body to meet the demands of homeostasis
Congestive Heart Failure
also known as right-sided heart disease, results in enlargement of the right ventricle as a sequela to primary lung disease
Cor Pulmonale
is a condition of fluid shift into the extravascular spaces of the lungs
Pulmonary Edema
noninflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle resulting in enlargement of the myocardium and ventricular dysfunction
Cardiomyopathy
is an acute or chronic inflammation of the pericardium (serosa), the sac enclosing and protecting the heart
Pericarditis
inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart
Myocarditis
inflammation of the lining and the valves of the heart
Endocarditis
systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving the joints and cardiac tissue
Rheumatic Fever
refers to cardiac manifestations that follow rheumatic fever
Rheumatic Heart Disease
is hardening of the cusps of the mitral valve that prevent a complete and normal opening for the passage of blood fro the left atrium into the left ventricle
Mitral Stenosis
the mitral valve fails to close completely and allows blood from the left ventricle to flow back into the left atrium
Mitral Insufficiency
usually a benign condition, occurs when one or more of the cusps of the mitral valve protrudes back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
Mitral Valve Prolapse
are any deviation from the normal heartbeat; that is, the normal sinus rhythm
Arrhythmias
collapse of the cardiovascular system, including vasodilation and fluid shift, accompanied by inefficient cardiac output
Shock
is the inadequate output of blood by the heart
Cariogenic shock
is the compression of the heart muscle and restriction of heart movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in the pericardial sac
Cardiac Tamponade
clots of aggregated material (usually blood). can lodge in a blood vessel and inhibit the blood flow. traveling
Emboli
is a group of diseases characterized by hardening of arteries. has three forms: atherosclerosis, Monckeberg’s arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
thickening and hardening of the arteries, occurs when the plaques of cholesterol and lipids form in the arterial tunica intima
Atherosclerosis
is a weakening and resulting local dilation of the wall of an artery
Aneurysms
inflammation of a vein, occurs most often in the lower legs, but any vein, including cranial veins, may be affected
Phlebitis
is the result of inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus on the vessel wall
Thrombophlebitis
are swollen, tortuous, and knotted veins that usually occur in the lower legs
Varicose Veins
is an inflammation of the peripheral arteries and veins of the extremities with clot formation
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)
is a vasospastic condition of the fingers, hands, or feet. causes pain, numbness, and sometimes discoloration in these areas
Raynaud’s Disease
a condition in which there is a reduction in the quantity of either RBC’s or hemoglobin in a measured volume of blood, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to the cells
Anemias
is a blood dyscrasia in which leukocyte levels become extremely low
Agranulocytosis (neutropenia)
is a very abnormal increase in the amount of hemoglobin, the RBC count, or the hematocrit, causing an absolute increase in RBC mass
Polycythemia
is characterized by an overproduction of immature lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts) in the bone marrow and lymph nodes
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
is a neoplasm that involves the lymphocytes. slowly progressive disease that results in the accumulation of mature-appearing, but hypo functional, lymphocytes
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
is a rapidly progressive neoplasm of cells committed to the myeloid line of development
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
accounts for 15% to 20% of leukemia cases in adults. slowly progressive neoplasm that arises in a hematopoietic stem cell or early progenitor cell, resulting in an excess of mature-appearing, but hypo functional, neutrophils
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
is an abnormal collection of lymph, usually in the extremities
Lymphedema
is an inflammation of the lymph vessels
Lymphangitis
is a cancer of the body’s lymphatic system, in which the involved cells proliferate and interfere with normal functioning by collection in masses in various parts of the body. Reid Sternberg cells present
Hodgkin’s Disease
describes a number of heterogenous neoplasms of the lymphoid cells that exhibit a wide variety of clinical signs and symptoms, ranging from slow, indolent growth to rapidly fatal profession
Non-Hodgkin’s Disease
results when the blood or blood product transfused has antibodies to the recipient’s RBCs or the recipient has antibodies to the donor’s RBCs
Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction
is a hereditary bleeding disorder resulting from deficiency of clotting facts (VIII)
Classic Hemophilia
is a condition of simultaneous hemorrhage and thrombosis
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
