Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Terms

Question 1

is a condition involving the arteries supplying the myocardium (heart muscle). arteries become narrowed by atherosclerotic deposits over time, causing temporary cardiac ischemia and eventually MI (myocardial infarction, or heart attack)

Answer 1

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 2

chest pain due to ischemic during or shortly after exertion, is the result of reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium

Answer 2

Angina Pectoris

Question 3

death of myocardial tissue caused by the development of ischemia

Answer 3

Myocardial Infarction

Question 4

sudden, unexpected cessation of cardiac activity

Answer 4

Cardiac Arrest

Question 5

a condition of abnormally high blood pressure in the arterial system, has an insidious onset, with the patient exhibiting few, if any, symptoms until permanent damage has occurred

Answer 5

Essential Hypertension

Question 6

a life-threatening condition, is a severe form of hypertension

Answer 6

Malignant Hypertension

Question 7

is an acute or chronic inability of the heart to pump enough blood throughout the body to meet the demands of homeostasis

Answer 7

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 8

also known as right-sided heart disease, results in enlargement of the right ventricle as a sequela to primary lung disease

Answer 8

Cor Pulmonale

Question 9

is a condition of fluid shift into the extravascular spaces of the lungs

Answer 9

Pulmonary Edema

Question 10

noninflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle resulting in enlargement of the myocardium and ventricular dysfunction

Answer 10

Cardiomyopathy

Question 11

is an acute or chronic inflammation of the pericardium (serosa), the sac enclosing and protecting the heart

Answer 11

Pericarditis

Question 12

inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart

Answer 12

Myocarditis

Question 13

inflammation of the lining and the valves of the heart

Answer 13

Endocarditis

Question 14

systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving the joints and cardiac tissue

Answer 14

Rheumatic Fever

Question 15

refers to cardiac manifestations that follow rheumatic fever

Answer 15

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Question 16

is hardening of the cusps of the mitral valve that prevent a complete and normal opening for the passage of blood fro the left atrium into the left ventricle

Answer 16

Mitral Stenosis

Question 17

the mitral valve fails to close completely and allows blood from the left ventricle to flow back into the left atrium

Answer 17

Mitral Insufficiency

Question 18

usually a benign condition, occurs when one or more of the cusps of the mitral valve protrudes back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction

Answer 18

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 19

are any deviation from the normal heartbeat; that is, the normal sinus rhythm

Answer 19

Arrhythmias

Question 20

collapse of the cardiovascular system, including vasodilation and fluid shift, accompanied by inefficient cardiac output

Answer 20

Shock

Question 21

is the inadequate output of blood by the heart

Answer 21

Cariogenic shock

Question 22

is the compression of the heart muscle and restriction of heart movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in the pericardial sac

Answer 22

Cardiac Tamponade

Question 23

clots of aggregated material (usually blood). can lodge in a blood vessel and inhibit the blood flow. traveling

Answer 23

Emboli

Question 24

is a group of diseases characterized by hardening of arteries. has three forms: atherosclerosis, Monckeberg’s arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerosis

Answer 24

Arteriosclerosis

Question 25

thickening and hardening of the arteries, occurs when the plaques of cholesterol and lipids form in the arterial tunica intima

Answer 25

Atherosclerosis

Question 26

is a weakening and resulting local dilation of the wall of an artery

Answer 26

Aneurysms

Question 27

inflammation of a vein, occurs most often in the lower legs, but any vein, including cranial veins, may be affected

Answer 27

Phlebitis

Question 28

is the result of inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus on the vessel wall

Answer 28

Thrombophlebitis

Question 29

are swollen, tortuous, and knotted veins that usually occur in the lower legs

Answer 29

Varicose Veins

Question 30

is an inflammation of the peripheral arteries and veins of the extremities with clot formation

Answer 30

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

Question 31

is a vasospastic condition of the fingers, hands, or feet. causes pain, numbness, and sometimes discoloration in these areas

Answer 31

Raynaud’s Disease

Question 32

a condition in which there is a reduction in the quantity of either RBC’s or hemoglobin in a measured volume of blood, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to the cells

Answer 32

Anemias

Question 33

is a blood dyscrasia in which leukocyte levels become extremely low

Answer 33

Agranulocytosis (neutropenia)

Question 34

is a very abnormal increase in the amount of hemoglobin, the RBC count, or the hematocrit, causing an absolute increase in RBC mass

Answer 34

Polycythemia

Question 35

is characterized by an overproduction of immature lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts) in the bone marrow and lymph nodes

Answer 35

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Question 36

is a neoplasm that involves the lymphocytes. slowly progressive disease that results in the accumulation of mature-appearing, but hypo functional, lymphocytes

Answer 36

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Question 37

is a rapidly progressive neoplasm of cells committed to the myeloid line of development

Answer 37

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Question 38

accounts for 15% to 20% of leukemia cases in adults. slowly progressive neoplasm that arises in a hematopoietic stem cell or early progenitor cell, resulting in an excess of mature-appearing, but hypo functional, neutrophils

Answer 38

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Question 39

is an abnormal collection of lymph, usually in the extremities

Answer 39

Lymphedema

Question 40

is an inflammation of the lymph vessels

Answer 40

Lymphangitis

Question 41

is a cancer of the body’s lymphatic system, in which the involved cells proliferate and interfere with normal functioning by collection in masses in various parts of the body. Reid Sternberg cells present

Answer 41

Hodgkin’s Disease

Question 42

describes a number of heterogenous neoplasms of the lymphoid cells that exhibit a wide variety of clinical signs and symptoms, ranging from slow, indolent growth to rapidly fatal profession

Answer 42

Non-Hodgkin’s Disease

Question 43

results when the blood or blood product transfused has antibodies to the recipient’s RBCs or the recipient has antibodies to the donor’s RBCs

Answer 43

Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction

Question 44

is a hereditary bleeding disorder resulting from deficiency of clotting facts (VIII)

Answer 44

Classic Hemophilia

Question 45

is a condition of simultaneous hemorrhage and thrombosis

Answer 45

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation