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PathMad > Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Terms Flashcards

1
Q

is a condition involving the arteries supplying the myocardium (heart muscle). arteries become narrowed by atherosclerotic deposits over time, causing temporary cardiac ischemia and eventually MI (myocardial infarction, or heart attack)

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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2
Q

chest pain due to ischemic during or shortly after exertion, is the result of reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium

A

Angina Pectoris

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3
Q

death of myocardial tissue caused by the development of ischemia

A

Myocardial Infarction

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4
Q

sudden, unexpected cessation of cardiac activity

A

Cardiac Arrest

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5
Q

a condition of abnormally high blood pressure in the arterial system, has an insidious onset, with the patient exhibiting few, if any, symptoms until permanent damage has occurred

A

Essential Hypertension

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6
Q

a life-threatening condition, is a severe form of hypertension

A

Malignant Hypertension

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7
Q

is an acute or chronic inability of the heart to pump enough blood throughout the body to meet the demands of homeostasis

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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8
Q

also known as right-sided heart disease, results in enlargement of the right ventricle as a sequela to primary lung disease

A

Cor Pulmonale

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9
Q

is a condition of fluid shift into the extravascular spaces of the lungs

A

Pulmonary Edema

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10
Q

noninflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle resulting in enlargement of the myocardium and ventricular dysfunction

A

Cardiomyopathy

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11
Q

is an acute or chronic inflammation of the pericardium (serosa), the sac enclosing and protecting the heart

A

Pericarditis

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12
Q

inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart

A

Myocarditis

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13
Q

inflammation of the lining and the valves of the heart

A

Endocarditis

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14
Q

systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving the joints and cardiac tissue

A

Rheumatic Fever

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15
Q

refers to cardiac manifestations that follow rheumatic fever

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

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16
Q

is hardening of the cusps of the mitral valve that prevent a complete and normal opening for the passage of blood fro the left atrium into the left ventricle

A

Mitral Stenosis

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17
Q

the mitral valve fails to close completely and allows blood from the left ventricle to flow back into the left atrium

A

Mitral Insufficiency

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18
Q

usually a benign condition, occurs when one or more of the cusps of the mitral valve protrudes back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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19
Q

are any deviation from the normal heartbeat; that is, the normal sinus rhythm

A

Arrhythmias

20
Q

collapse of the cardiovascular system, including vasodilation and fluid shift, accompanied by inefficient cardiac output

A

Shock

21
Q

is the inadequate output of blood by the heart

A

Cariogenic shock

22
Q

is the compression of the heart muscle and restriction of heart movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in the pericardial sac

A

Cardiac Tamponade

23
Q

clots of aggregated material (usually blood). can lodge in a blood vessel and inhibit the blood flow. traveling

A

Emboli

24
Q

is a group of diseases characterized by hardening of arteries. has three forms: atherosclerosis, Monckeberg’s arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerosis

A

Arteriosclerosis

25
Q

thickening and hardening of the arteries, occurs when the plaques of cholesterol and lipids form in the arterial tunica intima

A

Atherosclerosis

26
Q

is a weakening and resulting local dilation of the wall of an artery

A

Aneurysms

27
Q

inflammation of a vein, occurs most often in the lower legs, but any vein, including cranial veins, may be affected

A

Phlebitis

28
Q

is the result of inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus on the vessel wall

A

Thrombophlebitis

29
Q

are swollen, tortuous, and knotted veins that usually occur in the lower legs

A

Varicose Veins

30
Q

is an inflammation of the peripheral arteries and veins of the extremities with clot formation

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

31
Q

is a vasospastic condition of the fingers, hands, or feet. causes pain, numbness, and sometimes discoloration in these areas

A

Raynaud’s Disease

32
Q

a condition in which there is a reduction in the quantity of either RBC’s or hemoglobin in a measured volume of blood, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to the cells

A

Anemias

33
Q

is a blood dyscrasia in which leukocyte levels become extremely low

A

Agranulocytosis (neutropenia)

34
Q

is a very abnormal increase in the amount of hemoglobin, the RBC count, or the hematocrit, causing an absolute increase in RBC mass

A

Polycythemia

35
Q

is characterized by an overproduction of immature lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts) in the bone marrow and lymph nodes

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

36
Q

is a neoplasm that involves the lymphocytes. slowly progressive disease that results in the accumulation of mature-appearing, but hypo functional, lymphocytes

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

37
Q

is a rapidly progressive neoplasm of cells committed to the myeloid line of development

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

38
Q

accounts for 15% to 20% of leukemia cases in adults. slowly progressive neoplasm that arises in a hematopoietic stem cell or early progenitor cell, resulting in an excess of mature-appearing, but hypo functional, neutrophils

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

39
Q

is an abnormal collection of lymph, usually in the extremities

A

Lymphedema

40
Q

is an inflammation of the lymph vessels

A

Lymphangitis

41
Q

is a cancer of the body’s lymphatic system, in which the involved cells proliferate and interfere with normal functioning by collection in masses in various parts of the body. Reid Sternberg cells present

A

Hodgkin’s Disease

42
Q

describes a number of heterogenous neoplasms of the lymphoid cells that exhibit a wide variety of clinical signs and symptoms, ranging from slow, indolent growth to rapidly fatal profession

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Disease

43
Q

results when the blood or blood product transfused has antibodies to the recipient’s RBCs or the recipient has antibodies to the donor’s RBCs

A

Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction

44
Q

is a hereditary bleeding disorder resulting from deficiency of clotting facts (VIII)

A

Classic Hemophilia

45
Q

is a condition of simultaneous hemorrhage and thrombosis

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

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