Chapter 4: Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System: Major Gland Table Flashcards

1
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

A

Growth Hormone (GH) Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

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2
Q

Promotes bone and tissue growth

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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3
Q

Stimulates thyroid gland and production of thyroxine

A

Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH))

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4
Q

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids

A

Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH))

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5
Q

Initiates growth of eggs in ovaries; stimulates spermatogenesis in testes

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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6
Q

Causes ovulation; stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone; stimulates testosterone production

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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7
Q

Stimulates breast development and formation of milk during pregnancy and after delivery

A

Prolactin

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8
Q

Regulates skin pigmentation

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

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9
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

A

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone (ADH)) Oxytocin

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10
Q

Stimulates water resorption by renal tubules; has antidiuretic effect

A

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone (ADH))

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11
Q

Stimulates uterine contractions; stimulates ejection of milk in mammary glands; causes ejection of secretions in male prostate gland

A

Oxytocin

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12
Q

What are the hormones seccreted by the thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid hormone (TH) Calcitonin

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13
Q

Regulates rate of cellular metabolism (catabolic phase)

A

Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid hormone (TH)

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14
Q

Promotes retention of calcium and phosphorus in bone; opposes effect of parathyroid hormone

A

Calcitonin

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15
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH)

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16
Q

Regulates metabolism of calcium; elevates serum calcium levels by drawing calcium from bones

A

Parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH)

17
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

Mineral corticoids (MC), primarily aldosterone Glucocorticoids (GC): cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone Gonadocorticoids: androgens, estrogens, progestins

18
Q

Promote retention of sodium by kidneys; regulate electrolyte and fluid homeostasis

A

Mineral corticoids (MC), primarily adolsterone

19
Q

Regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in cells

A

Glucocorticoids (GC): cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone

20
Q

Govern secondary sex characteristics and masculinization

A

Gonadocorticoids: androgens, estrogens, progestins

21
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla

A

Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine

22
Q

Produce quick-acting “fight or flight” response during stress; increase blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose level; dilate bronchioles

A

Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine

23
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the pancreas

A

Insulin Glucagon

24
Q

Regulates metabolism of glucose in body cells; maintains proper blood glucose level

25
Increases concentration of glucose in blood by causing conversion of glycogen to glucose
Glucagon
26
What are the hormones secreted by the ovaries
Estrogens Progesterone
27
Cause development of female secondary sex characteristics
Estrogens
28
Prepares and maintains endometrium for implantation and pregnancy
Progesterone
29
What are the hormones secreted by the testes
Testosterone
30
Stimulates and promotes growth of of male secondary sex characteristics and is essential for erections
Testosterone
31
What are the hormones secreted by the thymus gland
Thymosin
32
Promotes development of immune cells (gland atrophies during adulthood)
Thymosin
33
What are the hormones secreted by the pineal gland
Melatonin
34
Regulates daily patterns of sleep and wakefulness. Inhibits hormones that affect ovaries; other functions unknown
Melatonin