Chapter 4: Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System: Major Gland Table Flashcards
What are the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
Growth Hormone (GH) Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Promotes bone and tissue growth
Growth hormone (GH)
Stimulates thyroid gland and production of thyroxine
Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH))
Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids
Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH))
Initiates growth of eggs in ovaries; stimulates spermatogenesis in testes
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Causes ovulation; stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone; stimulates testosterone production
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Stimulates breast development and formation of milk during pregnancy and after delivery
Prolactin
Regulates skin pigmentation
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
What are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone (ADH)) Oxytocin
Stimulates water resorption by renal tubules; has antidiuretic effect
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone (ADH))
Stimulates uterine contractions; stimulates ejection of milk in mammary glands; causes ejection of secretions in male prostate gland
Oxytocin
What are the hormones seccreted by the thyroid gland
Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid hormone (TH) Calcitonin
Regulates rate of cellular metabolism (catabolic phase)
Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid hormone (TH)
Promotes retention of calcium and phosphorus in bone; opposes effect of parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
What are the hormones secreted by the parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH)
Regulates metabolism of calcium; elevates serum calcium levels by drawing calcium from bones
Parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH)
What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
Mineral corticoids (MC), primarily aldosterone Glucocorticoids (GC): cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone Gonadocorticoids: androgens, estrogens, progestins
Promote retention of sodium by kidneys; regulate electrolyte and fluid homeostasis
Mineral corticoids (MC), primarily adolsterone
Regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in cells
Glucocorticoids (GC): cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone
Govern secondary sex characteristics and masculinization
Gonadocorticoids: androgens, estrogens, progestins
What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla
Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine
Produce quick-acting “fight or flight” response during stress; increase blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose level; dilate bronchioles
Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine
What are the hormones secreted by the pancreas
Insulin Glucagon
Regulates metabolism of glucose in body cells; maintains proper blood glucose level
Insulin
Increases concentration of glucose in blood by causing conversion of glycogen to glucose
Glucagon
What are the hormones secreted by the ovaries
Estrogens Progesterone
Cause development of female secondary sex characteristics
Estrogens
Prepares and maintains endometrium for implantation and pregnancy
Progesterone
What are the hormones secreted by the testes
Testosterone
Stimulates and promotes growth of of male secondary sex characteristics and is essential for erections
Testosterone
What are the hormones secreted by the thymus gland
Thymosin
Promotes development of immune cells (gland atrophies during adulthood)
Thymosin
What are the hormones secreted by the pineal gland
Melatonin
Regulates daily patterns of sleep and wakefulness. Inhibits hormones that affect ovaries; other functions unknown
Melatonin
