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PathMad > Chapter 12: Diseases and Conditions of the Reproductive System: Etiology > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Diseases and Conditions of the Reproductive System: Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of Chlamydia

A

bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis; STD, infects area of sexual practice

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2
Q

What is the etiology of Gonorrhea

A

bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; transmitted sexually or through birth

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3
Q

What is the etiology of Trichomoniasis

A

protozoa, Trichomonas vaginalis; STD

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4
Q

What is the etiology of Genital Herpes

A

virus, HSV-2; STD, skin to skin contact with body fluids; permanent

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5
Q

What is the etiology of Gential Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)

A

virus, HSV-2; STD, skin to skin contact with body fluids; permanent

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6
Q

What is the etiology of Syphilis

A

spirochete, T. pallidum; STD, contact with lesions/fluid, congenital

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Chancroid

A

bacterium, Haemophilus ducreyi

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8
Q

What is the etiology of Erectile Dysfunction/Impotence

A

psychological (depression, anxiety), fatigue, trauma, conditionsaffecting blood vessles

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9
Q

What is the etiology of Male and Female Infertility

A

insuffient sperm, STD, blockage, anomalies, endocrine disorders

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Epididymitis

A

bacteria, N. gonorrhoeae & C trachomatis; STD; UTI, TB, prostatectomy, trauma, catheter

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11
Q

What is the etiology of Orchitis

A

mumps virus infection; may follow epididymitis, can cause sterility or atrophy

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Torsion of the Testicle (Testicular Torsion)

A

testis rotates on spermatic cord, spontaneously or from trauma

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Varicocele

A

congenital; incompetent venous valves causes dilation of veins

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14
Q

What is the etiology of Prostatitis

A

infection of either bacteria or nonbacteria; not always known

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15
Q

What is the etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

aging and hormonal/metabolic changes

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16
Q

What is the etiology of Prostate Cancer

A

common in men +40, blacks; genetic, high animal fat diet

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17
Q

What is the etiology of Testicular Cancer

A

cryptorchidism, family history, infertility, HIV

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18
Q

What is the etiology of Premenstrual Syndrome

A

fluctuations of estrogen/progesterone and their impact on neurotransmitters

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19
Q

What is the etiology of Amenorrhea

A

late puberty, abnormal reproductive system/hormone imbalance; poor diet and weight loss

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20
Q

What is the etiology of Dysmenorrhea

A

musclar uterus reacting to chemicals in cycle; infections, fibroids, endometriosis

21
Q

What is the etiology of Ovarian Cysts

A

ovarian folicle growth/corpus luteum overgrowth; benign or malignant neoplasms

22
Q

What is the etiology of Endomentriosis

A

retrograde menstration; structural abnormalities, fibroids, lupus

23
Q

What is the etiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A

STD starts, then infections by bacteria

24
Q

What is the etiology of Uterine Leiomyomas (Fibroids)

A

idiopathic; stimulated by estrogen

25
Q

What is the etiology of Vaginitis

A

mostly fungal infections; absence of estrogen in menopause (atrophic)

26
Q

What is the etiology of Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

staphylococcal colonization on tampons, contraceptive sponges, diagphragms

27
Q

What is the etiology of Menopause

A

altered balance of FSH makes menstrual hormones flucutuate; ovarian reserve diminished, surgery

28
Q

What is the etiology of Uterine Prolapse

A

uterus support weakens from trauma/birth/aging; falls down vaginal canal (procidentia)

29
Q

What is the etiology of Cystocele

A

trauma to fascia muscle, pelvic support during pregnancy, atrophy with age

30
Q

What is the etiology of Rectocele

A

vaginal posterior wall weakened; results of childbirth, aging, genetics

31
Q

What is the etiology of Cervical Cancer

A

exposure to oncogenic HPV, unprotected sex with many partners; smoking

32
Q

What is the etiology of Vaginal Cancer

A

HPV infection, age, multiple partners, smoking; vaginal intraepithielial neoplasia

33
Q

What is the etiology of Labial or Vulvar Cancer

A

smoking; HPV/HIV infection; multiple partners; history of other cancers

34
Q

What is the etiology of Ovarian Cancer

A

idiopathic; pregnancy, breast feeding, oral contraceptives, tubal ligation

35
Q

What is the etiology of Endometrial Cancer

A

much exposure to estrogen; obesity, early menarche, no children

36
Q

What is the etiology of Morning Sickness

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen (estradiol); psychological

37
Q

What is the etiology of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A

idiopathic; elevated estrogen & hCG; psychological

38
Q

What is the etiology of Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)

A

idiopathic; abnormal chromosomes; infection, maternal antibodies

39
Q

What is the etiology of Ectopic Pregnancy

A

damaged fallopian tubes; pelvic adhesions, previor pelvic surgery/infections

40
Q

What is the etiology of Premature Labor

A

idiopathic; maternal infection, uterine abnormalities; advanced age, gum disease

41
Q

What is the etiology of Preeclamsia (Toxemia of Pregnancy) and Eclampsia

A

idiopathic; young, first time pregnancies; underlying hypertension, vascular disease

42
Q

What is the etiology of Abruptio Placentae

A

idiopathic; hypertension, preeclampsia, trauma, vascular disease, drug use

43
Q

What is the etiology of Placentra Previa

A

low implantation of blastocyst; prior cesarean delivery

44
Q

What is the etiology of Hydatidiform Mole

A

genetic anomaly during fertilization; placenta develops as clear grapelike vesicles

45
Q

What is the etiology of Fibrocystic Breast Condition

A

idiopathic; hyperplasia causes dilation of ducts;

46
Q

What is the etiology of Mastitis

A

bacterial invade milk ducts; occludes ducts

47
Q

What is the etiology of Fibroadenoma of the Breast

A

idiopathic; hormonally responsive, grows in late menstrual cycle or pregnancy

48
Q

What is the etiology of Cancer of the Breast

A

increased age; hormonal, reproductive, genetic factors

49
Q

What is the etiology of Paget’s Disease of the Breast

A

unsure if arises from mammary adenocarcinoma or carcinoma in situ

PathMad (140 decks)

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