Chapter 12: Diseases and Conditions of the Reproductive System: Etiology

Question 1

What is the etiology of Chlamydia

Answer 1

bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis; STD, infects area of sexual practice

Question 2

What is the etiology of Gonorrhea

Answer 2

bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; transmitted sexually or through birth

Question 3

What is the etiology of Trichomoniasis

Answer 3

protozoa, Trichomonas vaginalis; STD

Question 4

What is the etiology of Genital Herpes

Answer 4

virus, HSV-2; STD, skin to skin contact with body fluids; permanent

Question 5

What is the etiology of Gential Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)

Answer 5

virus, HSV-2; STD, skin to skin contact with body fluids; permanent

Question 6

What is the etiology of Syphilis

Answer 6

spirochete, T. pallidum; STD, contact with lesions/fluid, congenital

Question 7

What is the etiology of Chancroid

Answer 7

bacterium, Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 8

What is the etiology of Erectile Dysfunction/Impotence

Answer 8

psychological (depression, anxiety), fatigue, trauma, conditionsaffecting blood vessles

Question 9

What is the etiology of Male and Female Infertility

Answer 9

insuffient sperm, STD, blockage, anomalies, endocrine disorders

Question 10

What is the etiology of Epididymitis

Answer 10

bacteria, N. gonorrhoeae & C trachomatis; STD; UTI, TB, prostatectomy, trauma, catheter

Question 11

What is the etiology of Orchitis

Answer 11

mumps virus infection; may follow epididymitis, can cause sterility or atrophy

Question 12

What is the etiology of Torsion of the Testicle (Testicular Torsion)

Answer 12

testis rotates on spermatic cord, spontaneously or from trauma

Question 13

What is the etiology of Varicocele

Answer 13

congenital; incompetent venous valves causes dilation of veins

Question 14

What is the etiology of Prostatitis

Answer 14

infection of either bacteria or nonbacteria; not always known

Question 15

What is the etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Answer 15

aging and hormonal/metabolic changes

Question 16

What is the etiology of Prostate Cancer

Answer 16

common in men +40, blacks; genetic, high animal fat diet

Question 17

What is the etiology of Testicular Cancer

Answer 17

cryptorchidism, family history, infertility, HIV

Question 18

What is the etiology of Premenstrual Syndrome

Answer 18

fluctuations of estrogen/progesterone and their impact on neurotransmitters

Question 19

What is the etiology of Amenorrhea

Answer 19

late puberty, abnormal reproductive system/hormone imbalance; poor diet and weight loss

Question 20

What is the etiology of Dysmenorrhea

Answer 20

musclar uterus reacting to chemicals in cycle; infections, fibroids, endometriosis

Question 21

What is the etiology of Ovarian Cysts

Answer 21

ovarian folicle growth/corpus luteum overgrowth; benign or malignant neoplasms

Question 22

What is the etiology of Endomentriosis

Answer 22

retrograde menstration; structural abnormalities, fibroids, lupus

Question 23

What is the etiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 23

STD starts, then infections by bacteria

Question 24

What is the etiology of Uterine Leiomyomas (Fibroids)

Answer 24

idiopathic; stimulated by estrogen

Question 25

What is the etiology of Vaginitis

Answer 25

mostly fungal infections; absence of estrogen in menopause (atrophic)

Question 26

What is the etiology of Toxic Shock Syndrome

Answer 26

staphylococcal colonization on tampons, contraceptive sponges, diagphragms

Question 27

What is the etiology of Menopause

Answer 27

altered balance of FSH makes menstrual hormones flucutuate; ovarian reserve diminished, surgery

Question 28

What is the etiology of Uterine Prolapse

Answer 28

uterus support weakens from trauma/birth/aging; falls down vaginal canal (procidentia)

Question 29

What is the etiology of Cystocele

Answer 29

trauma to fascia muscle, pelvic support during pregnancy, atrophy with age

Question 30

What is the etiology of Rectocele

Answer 30

vaginal posterior wall weakened; results of childbirth, aging, genetics

Question 31

What is the etiology of Cervical Cancer

Answer 31

exposure to oncogenic HPV, unprotected sex with many partners; smoking

Question 32

What is the etiology of Vaginal Cancer

Answer 32

HPV infection, age, multiple partners, smoking; vaginal intraepithielial neoplasia

Question 33

What is the etiology of Labial or Vulvar Cancer

Answer 33

smoking; HPV/HIV infection; multiple partners; history of other cancers

Question 34

What is the etiology of Ovarian Cancer

Answer 34

idiopathic; pregnancy, breast feeding, oral contraceptives, tubal ligation

Question 35

What is the etiology of Endometrial Cancer

Answer 35

much exposure to estrogen; obesity, early menarche, no children

Question 36

What is the etiology of Morning Sickness

Answer 36

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen (estradiol); psychological

Question 37

What is the etiology of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Answer 37

idiopathic; elevated estrogen & hCG; psychological

Question 38

What is the etiology of Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)

Answer 38

idiopathic; abnormal chromosomes; infection, maternal antibodies

Question 39

What is the etiology of Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 39

damaged fallopian tubes; pelvic adhesions, previor pelvic surgery/infections

Question 40

What is the etiology of Premature Labor

Answer 40

idiopathic; maternal infection, uterine abnormalities; advanced age, gum disease

Question 41

What is the etiology of Preeclamsia (Toxemia of Pregnancy) and Eclampsia

Answer 41

idiopathic; young, first time pregnancies; underlying hypertension, vascular disease

Question 42

What is the etiology of Abruptio Placentae

Answer 42

idiopathic; hypertension, preeclampsia, trauma, vascular disease, drug use

Question 43

What is the etiology of Placentra Previa

Answer 43

low implantation of blastocyst; prior cesarean delivery

Question 44

What is the etiology of Hydatidiform Mole

Answer 44

genetic anomaly during fertilization; placenta develops as clear grapelike vesicles

Question 45

What is the etiology of Fibrocystic Breast Condition

Answer 45

idiopathic; hyperplasia causes dilation of ducts;

Question 46

What is the etiology of Mastitis

Answer 46

bacterial invade milk ducts; occludes ducts

Question 47

What is the etiology of Fibroadenoma of the Breast

Answer 47

idiopathic; hormonally responsive, grows in late menstrual cycle or pregnancy

Question 48

What is the etiology of Cancer of the Breast

Answer 48

increased age; hormonal, reproductive, genetic factors

Question 49

What is the etiology of Paget's Disease of the Breast

Answer 49

unsure if arises from mammary adenocarcinoma or carcinoma in situ