Chapter 12: Diseases and Conditions of the Reproductive System: Etiology Flashcards
What is the etiology of Chlamydia
bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis; STD, infects area of sexual practice
What is the etiology of Gonorrhea
bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; transmitted sexually or through birth
What is the etiology of Trichomoniasis
protozoa, Trichomonas vaginalis; STD
What is the etiology of Genital Herpes
virus, HSV-2; STD, skin to skin contact with body fluids; permanent
What is the etiology of Gential Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)
virus, HSV-2; STD, skin to skin contact with body fluids; permanent
What is the etiology of Syphilis
spirochete, T. pallidum; STD, contact with lesions/fluid, congenital
What is the etiology of Chancroid
bacterium, Haemophilus ducreyi
What is the etiology of Erectile Dysfunction/Impotence
psychological (depression, anxiety), fatigue, trauma, conditionsaffecting blood vessles
What is the etiology of Male and Female Infertility
insuffient sperm, STD, blockage, anomalies, endocrine disorders
What is the etiology of Epididymitis
bacteria, N. gonorrhoeae & C trachomatis; STD; UTI, TB, prostatectomy, trauma, catheter
What is the etiology of Orchitis
mumps virus infection; may follow epididymitis, can cause sterility or atrophy
What is the etiology of Torsion of the Testicle (Testicular Torsion)
testis rotates on spermatic cord, spontaneously or from trauma
What is the etiology of Varicocele
congenital; incompetent venous valves causes dilation of veins
What is the etiology of Prostatitis
infection of either bacteria or nonbacteria; not always known
What is the etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
aging and hormonal/metabolic changes
What is the etiology of Prostate Cancer
common in men +40, blacks; genetic, high animal fat diet
What is the etiology of Testicular Cancer
cryptorchidism, family history, infertility, HIV
What is the etiology of Premenstrual Syndrome
fluctuations of estrogen/progesterone and their impact on neurotransmitters
What is the etiology of Amenorrhea
late puberty, abnormal reproductive system/hormone imbalance; poor diet and weight loss
What is the etiology of Dysmenorrhea
musclar uterus reacting to chemicals in cycle; infections, fibroids, endometriosis
What is the etiology of Ovarian Cysts
ovarian folicle growth/corpus luteum overgrowth; benign or malignant neoplasms
What is the etiology of Endomentriosis
retrograde menstration; structural abnormalities, fibroids, lupus
What is the etiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
STD starts, then infections by bacteria
What is the etiology of Uterine Leiomyomas (Fibroids)
idiopathic; stimulated by estrogen
What is the etiology of Vaginitis
mostly fungal infections; absence of estrogen in menopause (atrophic)
What is the etiology of Toxic Shock Syndrome
staphylococcal colonization on tampons, contraceptive sponges, diagphragms
What is the etiology of Menopause
altered balance of FSH makes menstrual hormones flucutuate; ovarian reserve diminished, surgery
What is the etiology of Uterine Prolapse
uterus support weakens from trauma/birth/aging; falls down vaginal canal (procidentia)
What is the etiology of Cystocele
trauma to fascia muscle, pelvic support during pregnancy, atrophy with age
What is the etiology of Rectocele
vaginal posterior wall weakened; results of childbirth, aging, genetics
What is the etiology of Cervical Cancer
exposure to oncogenic HPV, unprotected sex with many partners; smoking
What is the etiology of Vaginal Cancer
HPV infection, age, multiple partners, smoking; vaginal intraepithielial neoplasia
What is the etiology of Labial or Vulvar Cancer
smoking; HPV/HIV infection; multiple partners; history of other cancers
What is the etiology of Ovarian Cancer
idiopathic; pregnancy, breast feeding, oral contraceptives, tubal ligation
What is the etiology of Endometrial Cancer
much exposure to estrogen; obesity, early menarche, no children
What is the etiology of Morning Sickness
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen (estradiol); psychological
What is the etiology of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
idiopathic; elevated estrogen & hCG; psychological
What is the etiology of Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)
idiopathic; abnormal chromosomes; infection, maternal antibodies
What is the etiology of Ectopic Pregnancy
damaged fallopian tubes; pelvic adhesions, previor pelvic surgery/infections
What is the etiology of Premature Labor
idiopathic; maternal infection, uterine abnormalities; advanced age, gum disease
What is the etiology of Preeclamsia (Toxemia of Pregnancy) and Eclampsia
idiopathic; young, first time pregnancies; underlying hypertension, vascular disease
What is the etiology of Abruptio Placentae
idiopathic; hypertension, preeclampsia, trauma, vascular disease, drug use
What is the etiology of Placentra Previa
low implantation of blastocyst; prior cesarean delivery
What is the etiology of Hydatidiform Mole
genetic anomaly during fertilization; placenta develops as clear grapelike vesicles
What is the etiology of Fibrocystic Breast Condition
idiopathic; hyperplasia causes dilation of ducts;
What is the etiology of Mastitis
bacterial invade milk ducts; occludes ducts
What is the etiology of Fibroadenoma of the Breast
idiopathic; hormonally responsive, grows in late menstrual cycle or pregnancy
What is the etiology of Cancer of the Breast
increased age; hormonal, reproductive, genetic factors
What is the etiology of Paget’s Disease of the Breast
unsure if arises from mammary adenocarcinoma or carcinoma in situ
