Chapter 4: Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System: Diagnosis

Question 1

What is the diagnosis of Gigantism

Answer 1

abnormal growth in prepubescent child; elevated GH levels on lab studies; MRI,CT

Question 2

What is the diagnosis of Acromegaly

Answer 2

clinical picture of abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, hands and feet; elevated GH levels

Question 3

What is the diagnosis of Hypopituitarism

Answer 3

clincal symptoms present; complete medical evaluation to pinpoint the diagnosis

Question 4

What is the diagnosis of Dwarfism

Answer 4

physical examination shows failure to grow at a normal rate; low serum GH; secondary tooth eruption delayed

Question 5

What is the diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 5

presence of polyuria and polydipsia leads to urinalysis; low SG; water-restriction test

Question 6

What is the diagnosis of Simple Goiter

Answer 6

examination of neck noting enlargement of thyroid gland; elevated thyrotropin levels; radio-active iodine uptake test (RAIU)

Question 7

What is the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Answer 7

Serum TSH are elevated; autoantibodies against thyroid tissue are found; needle biopsy

Question 8

What is the diagnosis of Grave’s Disease

Answer 8

clincal picture and history; Serum T3 and T4 levels are elevated; TSH low

Question 9

What is the diagnosis of Cretinism (Congenital Hypothyroidism)

Answer 9

blood test reveals absent or abnormally low T4; thyroid scan confirms absence of thyroid tissue;

Question 10

What is the diagnosis of Myxedmea

Answer 10

clinical features or retardation of physicla and mental development; low T4 and T3

Question 11

What is the diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer

Answer 11

nodules discovered by patient or physician; fine-needle aspiration and histologic exam

Question 12

What is the diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 12

high concentration of serum intact PTH by RAI noted; increased blood calcium; low mineral density at cortical bone areas noted

Question 13

What is the diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 13

neuromuscular hyperexcitability; Trousseau’s phenomenon; ECG shows increase QT and ST intervals

Question 14

What is the diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 14

typical picture of moon face, bufalo hump, obestity in trunk leads to diagnosis; elevation of serum cortisol levels; CT/MRI detect adrenal tumor

Question 15

What is the diagnosis of Addison’s Disease

Answer 15

blood and urine cortisol levels are low; BUN, lymphocyte, eosinophil levels, hematocrit elevated

Question 16

What is the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 16

begins with patient history; two positive tests of fasting blood gluocse and presence of glucose and acetone in urine confirm

Question 17

What is the diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes

Answer 17

prenatal urine glucose test; 2-hour post prandial (oral glucose tolerance) test

Question 18

What is the diagnosis of Hypoglycemia

Answer 18

symptoms correlate with low blood glucose and remediated by raising blood glucose;

Question 19

What is the diagnosis of Precocious Puberty in Boys

Answer 19

obvious physical and emotioanl signs of precocity; blood test for elevated hormones

Question 20

What is the diagnosis of Precocious Puberty in Girls

Answer 20

blood serum levels of FSH, LH, and sex steroids in adult range