Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Overview Flashcards
circulation of blood to the organs and tissues of the body is the primary function of what system
Circulatory system
upper chambers of the heart
atria
lower chambers of the heart
ventricles
between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
oxygenated blood first enters what chamber of the heart
left atrium
between the left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid valve
double-layer membrane around the heart
pericardium
inner pericardium layer
visceral pericardium or epicardium
outer layer of pericardium
parietal pericardium
heartbeat becomes abnormally fast
tachycardia
heartbeat becomes abnormally slow
bradycardia
disorders of cardiac rhythm are called
arrhythmias or dysrrhythmias
what occurs in the second part of diastole
atria fill
all valves close
what occurs in the last part of diastole
increased atrial pressure opens AV valves
Ventricles fill
what occurs when systole begins
atria contract and empty
ventricles are full
what occurs in the second part of systole
Ventricles begin contract
pressure closes AV valves
atria relax
what occurs in the last part of systole
ventricles contract
increased pressure in ventricles
aortic and pulmonary valves open
blood ejected into aorta and pulmonary
what occurs in first part of diastole after systole ends
ventricles empty
ventricles relax
aortic and pulmonary valves close
cooling a select group of patients immediately following cardiac arrest can improve neurologic outcome and quite possibly decrease mortality rate
therapeutic hypothermia
chronically elevated blood pressure throughout the vascular system
Hypertensive Heart Disease
what does Left-sided congestive heart failure result in
decrease cardiac output
back up into pulmonary vein
pulmonary congestion/edema
renin-angiotensin and aldosterone secretion
what does Right-sided congestive heart failure result in
back up of blood into systemic circulation
increased venous pressure results in edema in legs and liver and abdominal organs
acquired or congenital disorder than can involve any of the four valves of the heart. occur in the form of either insufficiency or stenosis
Valvular Heart Disease
failure of the valves to close completely, allows blood to be forced back into the previous chamber as the heart contracts
Insufficiency
hardening of the cusps of the valves that prevents complete opening of the valves, impedes the blood flow into the next chamber
Stenosis
nonsurgical procedure that uses catheters inserted into the chambers of the heart to administer energy to destroy the small amount of tissue that causes electrical rhythm disturbances in the cardiac conduction system
cardiac ablation
what is an immature red blood cell
Reticulocyte
conditions composed of formed elements, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. deviation in or malfunctioning in the reticuloendothelial system
Blood Dyscrasias
what hemocytoblast variation turns into the granulocytic leukocytes
Myeloblast
what hemocytoblast variation turns into erythrocytes
Proerythroblast
what hemocytoblast variation turns into lymphocytes
Lymphoblast
what hemocytoblast variation turns into monocytes
mono blast
what hemocytoblast variation turns into platelets
megakaryoblast
malignant neoplasms of the blood forming organs (bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes) that produce abnormal, uncontrolled, clonal proliferation of one specific type of blood cell in the lymphoid or myeloid cell lines
Leukemia’s
where to the lymphatic and circulatory system meet up
subclavian veins
transplant in which the patient serves as his or her own donor for stem cells
Autologous transplant
transplant in which the donor is HLA-identical to the patient (usually a sibling)
Allogenic transplant
the identity of the leukocyte surface antigens is determined for the patient and donor to define the degree of compatibility
HLA type
transplant in which the patient’s identical twin serves as the stem cell donor
Syngeneic transplant
transplant in which the donor does not match all of the key HLA antigens.
Unrelated donor/mismatched transplant
malignant neoplasms that arise from uncontrolled proliferation of the cellular components of the lymph system
Lymphoma
what are the two types of lymphomas
Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
single lymph structure or region is involved
Stage I
two or more lymph structures are involved, with the involvement being on the same side of the diaphragm
Stage II
lymph regions on both sides of the diaphragm are involved
Stage III
there is widespread involvement of extra nodal tissue above and below the diaphragm
Stage IV
