Chapter 13: Neurologic Diseases and Conditions: Terms

Question 1

occurs when the brain is damaged by a sudden disruption in the flow of blood to part of the brain or by bleeding inside the head

Answer 1

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

Question 2

are temporary episodes with a duration of less than 24 hours of impaired neurologic functioning caused by an inadequate flow of blood to a portion of the brain

Answer 2

Transient Ischemic Attack

Question 3

collection or mass of blood that forms between the skull and the dura mater, the outermost of the three meningeal layers

Answer 3

Epidural and Subdural Hematoma

Question 4

is a possible bruising of the cerebral tissue that is caused by back and forth movement of the head, as in an acceleration-deceleration insult

Answer 4

Cerebral Concussion

Question 5

is more serious than a concussion. injury to the brain involves bruising of tissue along or just beneath the surface of the brain and also may be termed a countrecoup insult t

Answer 5

Cerebral Contusion

Question 6

occurs with a break or fracture in one of the bones of the cranium

Answer 6

Depressed Skull Fracture

Question 7

affect the innervation of any spinal nerves distal to the point of insult.

Answer 7

Paraplegia and Quadriplegia

Question 8

degeneration or deterioration of an intervertebral disk may result in pain in the areas served by the spinal nerves of the involved disk space

Answer 8

Degenerative Disk Disease

Question 9

also known as a ruptured or slipped disk, is the rupture of the nucleus pulpous through the annular wall of the disk and into the spinal canal

Answer 9

Herniated and Bulging Disk

Question 10

is a pathological condition. brought about by trauma, degeneration, or rupture of the nucleus pulposus within intervertebral disks L4 through S3.

Answer 10

Sciatic Nerve Injury–Spinal Stenosis

Question 11

is pain in the head that is not confined to any one specific nerve distribution area

Answer 11

Headache

Question 12

severe headaches that may be completely incapacitating and almost always are accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, anorexia, intense hemicranial or bilateral throbbing pain, and visual signs and symptoms, are known as

Answer 12

Migraine

Question 13

chronic brain disorder, characterized by sudden episodes of abnormal intense electrical activity in the brain, which result in seizure activity

Answer 13

Epilepsy/A Seizure Disorder

Question 14

common, slowly progressive neurologic disorder characterized by the onset of recognizable disturbances: a “pill-rolling” tremor of the thumb and forefinger, muscular rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural instability

Answer 14

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 15

is a hereditary degenerative disease of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia; progressive atrophy of the brain occurs

Answer 15

Huntington’s Chorea

Question 16

is a progressive, destructive motor neuron disease that results in muscular atrophy. also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease

Answer 16

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Question 17

is a neurological condition typified by an overwhelming urger to move the legs

Answer 17

Restless Legs Syndrome

Question 18

although frightening and anxiety provoking, usually is a benign event. event is transient or temporary, having a destruction of 1 to 6 hours. memory disturbances are involved

Answer 18

Transient Global Amnesia

Question 19

is a degeneration of the peripheral nerves

Answer 19

Peripheral Neuritis/Neuropathy

Question 20

is pain of the area innervated by the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve

Answer 20

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)

Question 21

is a disorder of the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve) that causes a sudden onset of weakness or paralysis of facial muscles

Answer 21

Bell’s Palsy

Question 22

inflammation of the meninges, the membranous coverings of the brain, and spinal cord

Answer 22

Meningitis

Question 23

inflammation of the brain tissue

Answer 23

Encephalitis

Question 24

is an acute, rapidly progressive disease of the spinal Nerves

Answer 24

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Question 25

collection of pus, can occur anywhere in the brain tissue

Answer 25

Brain Abscess

Question 26

is a viral infection of the anterior horn cells of the gray matter of the spinal cord and causes selective destruction of motor neurons

Answer 26

Poliomyelitis and Postpolio Syndrome

Question 27

can be primary tumors, neoplasms that originate in the brain itself

Answer 27

Intracranial Tumors (Brain Tumors)