Chapter 2: Developmental, Congenital, and Childhood Diseases and Disorders: Terms Flashcards
birth of a low-weight, underdeveloped, and short-gestation infant and is considered the leading cause of death during the neonatal period.
preterm birth or Prematurity
what do premie babies have a greater risk for
cerebral palsy, mental retardation, lung disease, and GI problems
is similar to adult respiratory distress syndrome in that the patient suffers accuse hypoxemia caused by infiltrates within the alveoli
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)
a serious, chronic lung disease, results after an insult to the neonate’s lungs. sequela to IRDS, lung infection, and prematurity
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
is an abnormal growth of the blood vessels in the retinas of the infant’s eye
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) or retrolental fibroplasia
is an acute inflammatory process caused by ischemic necrosis of the mucosal lining of the small intestine, large intestine, or both
necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
condition of small stature and related incidence of inter orbital distance, bulging (bossing) forehead, depressed nasal bridge, maligned teeth, and short limbs
Robinow Syndrome
a congenital disorder, occurs when a portion of the heart muscle thickens without any apparent cause. sudden cardiac death in young athletes
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
is a genetic syndrome where the individual has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46, resulting in a congenital form of mild to severe mental retardation that is accompanied by characteristic facial features and distinctive physical abnormalities
Down syndrome (mongolism)
the most common crippler of children, is a condition consisting of a group of disorders possibly involving the brain and nervous system functions that deal with movement, learning, hearing, sight, and thinking
Cerebral Palsy
is a progressive degeneration and weakening of the skeletal muscles where muscle fibers are abnormally vulnerable to injury
Muscular Dystrophy
is a group of malformations of the spine in which the posterior portion of the bony canal containing the spinal cord (usually in the lumbar region) is completely or partially absent
Spina Bifida
the posterior arches of the vertebrae, commonly in the lumbosacral area, fail to fuse, but there is no herniation of meninges or spinal cord
spinal bifida occulta
second level of failure of the spinal column to fuse during the developmental stage. meninges protrude through an opening in the spinal column, thus forming a sac that becomes filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Meningocele
is a protrusion of a portion of the spinal cord and the meninges through a defect in the spinal column, usually in the lumbar region
Myelomeningocele
amount of CSF is increased greatly or its circulation is blocked, resulting in an abnormal enlargement of the head and characteristic pressure changes in the brain
Hydrocephalus
most severe from of neural tube defect occurs early in gestation with failure of the cephalic aspect of the neural tube to close
anencephaly
aorta and the pulmonary artery are reverse: the aorta originates from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle
Transposition of the Great Arteries
obvious, non traumatic deformity of the foot of the newborn in which the anterior half of the foot i adducted and inverted
club foot
abnormal development of the hip join that ranges from an unstable joint to dislocation of the femoral head from the acetabulum
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) (congenital hip dysplasia (CHD))
is a congenital birth defect consisting of one or more clefts in the upper lip
cleft lip (harelip)
birth defect in which there is a hole in the middle of the roof of the mouth (palate)
cleft palate
is a failure of one or more or both of the testicles to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum
Cryptorchidism (Undescended testes)
is a highly malignant neoplasm of the kidney that affects children younger than 10 years
Wilm’s Tumor (nephroblastoma)
stenosis, or narrowing, of the opening of the foreskin in the male that leads to an inability to retract the foreskin
phimosis
is a gastric obstruction associated with narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the exit of the stomach
congenital pyloric stenosis
a congenital condition, is an impairment of the intestinal motility that causes obstruction of the distal colon
Hirschsprung’s Disease (congenital ganglionic megacolon)
an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, is a chronic dysfunction of a gene called the CFTR that affects multiple body systems. most common fatal genetic disease
cystic fibrosis
is an inborn error in the metabolism of amino acids that causes brain damage and mental retardation when not corrected. substance located in lots of foods like diet soda.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
is a male hypogonadism, appearing in males after puberty with at least two X chromosomes and one or more Y chromosomes.
Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY condition)
is a chromosomal disease that occurs in females with a single sex chromosome
Turner’s syndrome (45, X0) (rare case XXX)
highly contagious, acute viral infection that is common in children and young adults. itching skin
Chickenpox (Varicella Zoster)
acute communicable disease that causes necrosis of the mucous membrane in the respiratory tract
Diphtheria
inflammation and swelling of one or both parotid glands
mumps (epidemic parotitis)
is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory system. lots and lots of coughing
pertussis (whooping cough)
highly contagious viral disease occurring in children who have not been vaccinated
measles (rubeola)
highly contagious viral disease, resembles measles clinically, but it has a shorter course and fewer complications
Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles)
an acute, potentially deadly, systemic infection characterized painful involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles. step on a nail
tetanus
sudden and unpredicted death of an infant under the age of 1 year
Sudden Infant Death syndrome
an acute, severe inflammation and obstruction of the respiratory tract
Croup
inflammation of the epiglottis, the thin, leaf-shaped structure that covers the entrance of the larynx during swallowing
Epiglottitis
painful inflammation and infectious process affecting the tonsils
acute tonsillitis
is an abnormal enlargement of the lymphoid tissue located in the space above the soft palate of the mouth, causing a partial breathing blockage, especially in children
adenoid hyperplasia
chronic reversible obstructive disease caused by increased reactivity of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli
asthma
describes an inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs. usually caused by a virus
bronchiolitis
intermittent distress in the newborn or during early infancy of unclear etiology
infantile colic
roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, and tapeworms all can take up residence in the GI tract.
helminth (worm) infestation
rapid passage of stool through the intestinal tract with a noticeable change in the frequency, fluid content, appearance, and consistency
diarrhea
ejection through the mouth of stomach contents, is a common symptom in infants and children
vomiting
is an abnormal reduction the concentration of red blood cells (RBC’s) or in the hemoglobin content of circulating blood.
anemia
a cancer of blood-forming tissues, is the most common childhood malignancy. abnormal increase in the number of immature WBCs or undifferentiated blastocytes
leukemia
incompatibility of fetal maternal blood, resulting in excessive rates of RBC destruction
Erythroblastosis Fettles (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)
environmentally caused blood toxicity resulting from ingestion or inspiration of lead dust or particles
lead poisoning
is a combination of brain disease and fatty invasion of the inner organs, especially the liver
Reyes syndrome
describes birth defects and other associated problems in infants born to alcoholic mothers who consume alcohol during the gestational period
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
considered a contact dermatitis, is evident in the diaper area as an irritation or rash
diaper rash
a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is the third most common childhood malignancy. arises from primitive sympathetic ganglion cells.
neuroblastoma
