Chapter 13: Neurologic Diseases and Conditions: Etiology Flashcards
What is etiology of Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
occlusion of an artery caused by atheroma; sudden obstruction by embolus; cerebral bleed
What is etiology of Transiet Ischemic Attack
piece of plaque, formed by atherosclerosis
What is etiology of Epidural and Subdural Hematomas
blood from ruptured vessels seeps into and around the meningeal layer; head trauma
What is etiology of Cerebral Concussion
impact with blunt object, fall or blow; mild traumatic brain injury
What is etiology of Cerebral Contusion
blow to head or impacting against a hard surface; traumatic brain injury
What is etiology of Depressed Skull Fracture
direct impact on the skull with blunt object; abuse
What is etiology of Paraplegia and Quadriplegia
spinal cord injuries; vertebral fractures or dislocations; site determines paralysis
What is etiology of Degenerative Disk Disease
with aging water in disk decreases; may be mechanical due to wear
What is etiology of Hernaited and Bulging Disk
accumulated trauma (improper lifting) or sudden impact
What is etiology of Sciatic Nerve Injury–Spinal Stenosis
fall or poor body mechanics; gunshot or stab wound; aging
What is etiology of Headache
strain on facial, neck, and scalp muscles (tension headache); edema within blood vessels of head (vascular headache); stress, and normal causes of headache
What is etiology of Migraine
unknown; inherited/familial; cerebral blood flow?
What is etiology of Epilepsy/A Seizure Disorder
Idiopathic; brain abnormality resulting from pathologic process(es), genetics; strokes
What is etiology of Parkinson’s Disease
unknown why degeneration of nerves in motor system of brainstem; deficiency in dopamine
What is etiology of Huntington’s Chorea
unknown; autosomal dominant trait
What is etiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
unknown; autosomal dominant trait
What is etiology of Restless Leg Syndrome
unknown; increase after ages of 40 or 50; stress?
What is etiology of Transient Global Amnesia
unknown; stress or emotional events? migraine?
What is etiology of Peripheral Neuritis/Neuropathy
chronic alcohol intoxication; toxicity from arsenic; infectious diseases-pneumonia, mumps,diphtheria, etc; muscle weakness and sensory loss
What is etiology of Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
unknown; related to compression of a nerve root by a tumor or vascular lesion; sequela to MS or HZV
What is etiology of Bell’s Palsy
unknown; blockage of impulses from facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) caused by compression of the nerve in the bony canal
What is etiology of Meningitis
bacterial or viral;
What is etiology of Encephalitis
viruses or toxins from chickenpox, measles, or mumps travel to brain from bloodstream; bite from infected mosquito
What is etiology of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
limited (due to rareness); autoimmune basis; follow respiratory infection or gastroenteritis
What is etiology of Brain Abscess
local infection; staph, strep, pneumococci; wound for portal entry
What is etiology of Poliomyelitis and Postpolio Syndrome
poliovirus enters the body through the nose and throat; crosses GI tract and reproduces in lymphoid tissue; travels to the CNS
What is etiology of Intracranial Tumors (Brain Tumors)
unknown, though classified by cell type: glial, arachnoid, embryonal
