Chapter 13: Neurologic Diseases and Conditions: Etiology

Question 1

What is etiology of Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

Answer 1

occlusion of an artery caused by atheroma; sudden obstruction by embolus; cerebral bleed

Question 2

What is etiology of Transiet Ischemic Attack

Answer 2

piece of plaque, formed by atherosclerosis

Question 3

What is etiology of Epidural and Subdural Hematomas

Answer 3

blood from ruptured vessels seeps into and around the meningeal layer; head trauma

Question 4

What is etiology of Cerebral Concussion

Answer 4

impact with blunt object, fall or blow; mild traumatic brain injury

Question 5

What is etiology of Cerebral Contusion

Answer 5

blow to head or impacting against a hard surface; traumatic brain injury

Question 6

What is etiology of Depressed Skull Fracture

Answer 6

direct impact on the skull with blunt object; abuse

Question 7

What is etiology of Paraplegia and Quadriplegia

Answer 7

spinal cord injuries; vertebral fractures or dislocations; site determines paralysis

Question 8

What is etiology of Degenerative Disk Disease

Answer 8

with aging water in disk decreases; may be mechanical due to wear

Question 9

What is etiology of Hernaited and Bulging Disk

Answer 9

accumulated trauma (improper lifting) or sudden impact

Question 10

What is etiology of Sciatic Nerve Injury–Spinal Stenosis

Answer 10

fall or poor body mechanics; gunshot or stab wound; aging

Question 11

What is etiology of Headache

Answer 11

strain on facial, neck, and scalp muscles (tension headache); edema within blood vessels of head (vascular headache); stress, and normal causes of headache

Question 12

What is etiology of Migraine

Answer 12

unknown; inherited/familial; cerebral blood flow?

Question 13

What is etiology of Epilepsy/A Seizure Disorder

Answer 13

Idiopathic; brain abnormality resulting from pathologic process(es), genetics; strokes

Question 14

What is etiology of Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 14

unknown why degeneration of nerves in motor system of brainstem; deficiency in dopamine

Question 15

What is etiology of Huntington’s Chorea

Answer 15

unknown; autosomal dominant trait

Question 16

What is etiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Answer 16

unknown; autosomal dominant trait

Question 17

What is etiology of Restless Leg Syndrome

Answer 17

unknown; increase after ages of 40 or 50; stress?

Question 18

What is etiology of Transient Global Amnesia

Answer 18

unknown; stress or emotional events? migraine?

Question 19

What is etiology of Peripheral Neuritis/Neuropathy

Answer 19

chronic alcohol intoxication; toxicity from arsenic; infectious diseases-pneumonia, mumps,diphtheria, etc; muscle weakness and sensory loss

Question 20

What is etiology of Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)

Answer 20

unknown; related to compression of a nerve root by a tumor or vascular lesion; sequela to MS or HZV

Question 21

What is etiology of Bell’s Palsy

Answer 21

unknown; blockage of impulses from facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) caused by compression of the nerve in the bony canal

Question 22

What is etiology of Meningitis

Answer 22

bacterial or viral;

Question 23

What is etiology of Encephalitis

Answer 23

viruses or toxins from chickenpox, measles, or mumps travel to brain from bloodstream; bite from infected mosquito

Question 24

What is etiology of Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Answer 24

limited (due to rareness); autoimmune basis; follow respiratory infection or gastroenteritis

Question 25

What is etiology of Brain Abscess

Answer 25

local infection; staph, strep, pneumococci; wound for portal entry

Question 26

What is etiology of Poliomyelitis and Postpolio Syndrome

Answer 26

poliovirus enters the body through the nose and throat; crosses GI tract and reproduces in lymphoid tissue; travels to the CNS

Question 27

What is etiology of Intracranial Tumors (Brain Tumors)

Answer 27

unknown, though classified by cell type: glial, arachnoid, embryonal