Chapter 8: Diseases and Conditions of the Digestive System: Diagnosis

Question 1

What is the diagnosis of Missing Teeth

Answer 1

oral examination radiographic film of mouth

Question 2

What is the diagnosis of Impacted Third Molars

Answer 2

radiographic studies to determine teeth position

Question 3

What is the diagnosis of Dental Caries

Answer 3

examines for signs of cavity and radiograph to determine extent of decay

Question 4

What is the diagnosis of Discolored Teeth

Answer 4

oral examination; medications, illness, and teeth trauma history

Question 5

What is the diagnosis of Gingivitis

Answer 5

symptoms develop a dentist should be seen to confirm

Question 6

What is the diagnosis of Periodontitis

Answer 6

depth of pockets for stage and obtains radiographs

Question 7

What is the diagnosis of Oral Tumors

Answer 7

lump, ulcer or color change that doesn’t change within 10 days; physician diagnosis by observation

Question 8

What is the diagnosis of Malocclusion

Answer 8

visual examinaton and radiographic studies

Question 9

What is the diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome

Answer 9

oral examination; radiographic studies including CT and MRI; previous trauma or fracture facial bones

Question 10

What is the diagnosis of Tooth Abscesses

Answer 10

if signs and sympotoms present see dentist to diagnose

Question 11

What is the diagnosis of Mouth Ulcers

Answer 11

if they do not heal within 10 days consult dentist; if caused by trauma the cause should be found and corrected

Question 12

What is the diagnosis of Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)

Answer 12

oral examination

Question 13

What is the diagnosis of Thrush

Answer 13

oral examination; laboratory analysis of sample from lesion;

Question 14

What is the diagnosis of Necrotizing Periodontal Disease

Answer 14

oral examination; hroat culture and blood work to rule out serious ilness

Question 15

What is the diagnosis of Oral Leukoplakia

Answer 15

not cleared in 2 to 3 weeks biopsy needed to determine if cancerous

Question 16

What is the diagnosis of Oral Cancer

Answer 16

dentists office by examination; brush or excisional biopsy

Question 17

What is the diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Answer 17

barium Swallow; Esophagoscopy or EGD

Question 18

What is the diagnosis of Esophageal Varices

Answer 18

clinical picture and history of hepatic disease; endoscopy

Question 19

What is the diagnosis of Esophagitis

Answer 19

radiograph of upper GI tract or esophagoscopy

Question 20

What is the diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer

Answer 20

screenings of high-risk individuals during endoscopy; biopsy to confirm; endoscopic ultrasound if no metastasis

Question 21

What is the diagnosis of Gastric and Duodenal Peptic Ulcers

Answer 21

barium radiographs of upper GI tract; studies to identify H. Pylori;

Question 22

What is the diagnosis of Gastritis

Answer 22

gastroscopy; positive fecal occult blood tests

Question 23

What is the diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

Answer 23

upper GI endoscopy with biopsy

Question 24

What is the diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis

Answer 24

differential diagnosis to rule out other causes; tenderness at McBurney’s point

Question 25

What is the diagnosis of Hiatal Hernia

Answer 25

show on radiograph; barium radiographic study of esophagus and stomach; endoscopy

Question 26

What is the diagnosis of Abdominal Hernia

Answer 26

palpated for size and inspected; listen for bowel sounds; valsalva manuever in males

Question 27

What is the diagnosis of Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis)

Answer 27

symptoms, radiographic studies, colonoscopy, and enterscopy; reveal diseased segments, "skip lesions"

Question 28

What is the diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 28

stool guaiac posititve; barium enema and colonoscopy

Question 29

What is the diagnosis of Gastroenteritis

Answer 29

medical history in what cause; stool inspected; endoscopy

Question 30

What is the diagnosis of Intestinal Obstruction

Answer 30

X-ray studies with barium or gastrografin contrast show point of obstruction

Question 31

What is the diagnosis of Diverticulosis (Diverticular Disease)

Answer 31

clinical picture and an air-contrast barium enema graphic study or colonoscopy

Question 32

What is the diagnosis of Diverticulitis

Answer 32

history and physical exam; CT scan; don't use barium enema or colonoscopy to diagnose

Question 33

What is the diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Answer 33

detected with screening program; colonoscopy

Question 34

What is the diagnosis of Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

Answer 34

C. difficile toxin is found in the stool or a rectal biopsy shows pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Question 35

What is the diagnosis of Short-Bowel Syndrome

Answer 35

patient history; tests show abnormal electrolyte levels, pH disturbance, and anemia

Question 36

What is the diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Answer 36

history, physical exam, and tests to exclude organic disease;

Question 37

What is the diagnosis of Peritonitis

Answer 37

elevated WBC count; gaseous distention of the bowel; CT

Question 38

What is the diagnosis of Hemorrhoids

Answer 38

visual inspection of the anal area and proctoscopy

Question 39

What is the diagnosis of Cirrhosis of the Liver

Answer 39

physical examination liver feels enlarged; palpable blunt edge; blood tests

Question 40

What is the diagnosis of Hepatitis A

Answer 40

hepatitis profile; increase ALT and AST

Question 41

What is the diagnosis of Hepatitis B

Answer 41

detection of HBsAG in blood; patient history (drug needles, etc)

Question 42

What is the diagnosis of Hepatitis C

Answer 42

blood test-presence of anti-HCV antibodies

Question 43

What is the diagnosis of Cancer of the Liver

Answer 43

suspected in cirrhosis patient; alpha-fetoprotien (AFP) in serum

Question 44

What is the diagnosis of Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)

Answer 44

clinical picture and ultrasonography of gallbladder and biliary ducts

Question 45

What is the diagnosis of Cholecystitis

Answer 45

clinical picture and ultrasound; HIDDA scan

Question 46

What is the diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis

Answer 46

dramatically elevation of serum amylase and lipase levels; elevated WBC and hematocrit

Question 47

What is the diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer

Answer 47

difficult to detect; radiographically and histologically; tumor marker for pancreas above 37 units

Question 48

What is the diagnosis of Malnutrition

Answer 48

physical examination with attention to weight, body fat, and muscle mass

Question 49

What is the diagnosis of Malabsorption Syndrome

Answer 49

blood tests to determine levels of proteins, fats, and minerals

Question 50

What is the diagnosis of Celiac Disease (Gluten Enteropathy)

Answer 50

three criteria- positive serologic testing, biopsy of small intestine showing changes or destruction of mucosal lining; improvement on glutten free diet

Question 51

What is the diagnosis of Food Poisoning

Answer 51

patient history important to finding cause; blood culture reveals parasites or baceteria

Question 52

What is the diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 52

loss of significant weight; appear emaciated, have intense fear of weight gain; irregular menstruation

Question 53

What is the diagnosis of Bulimia

Answer 53

increased loss of electrolytes; metabolic acidosis; loss of muscle mass; cardiac irregularities possible

Question 54

What is the diagnosis of Motion Sickness

Answer 54

based all on clinical picture