Chapter 5: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear: Overview

Question 1

what is the three processes of vision

Answer 1

image formed on retina
rods and cones are stimulated
nerve impulses conducted to the brain

Question 2

what are the three concentric layers of the eye

Answer 2

sclera, choroid, and the retina

Question 3

tough fibrous connective tissue that is visible as the white of the eye

Answer 3

sclera

Question 4

what layer of the eye are the six extrinsic muscles connected to

Answer 4

sclera

Question 5

continuous with the ciliary body and the iris. vascular portion of the eye

Answer 5

choroid

Question 6

colored portion of the eye

Answer 6

iris

Question 7

posterior three quarters of the eye; made up of rods and cones; nervous portion of the eye

Answer 7

retina

Question 8

function best in dim light, night vision. black and white structures

Answer 8

rods

Question 9

function best in bright light and also detect color and fine detail

Answer 9

cones

Question 10

contains no receptor cells and is located in the eye

Answer 10

optic disc “blind spot”

Question 11

yellow spot, lies laterally to the optic disc.

Answer 11

macula lutea

Question 12

in the center of the macula lutea and produces the sharpest image

Answer 12

fovea centralis

Question 13

thin transparent membrane covers the sclera

Answer 13

conjunctiva

Question 14

between the iris and the anterior clear cornea is called the

Answer 14

anterior chamber

Question 15

what fluid occupies the anterior chamber

Answer 15

aqueous humor

Question 16

what produces aqueous humor

Answer 16

ciliary body

Question 17

large cavity behind the lens

Answer 17

vitreous body

Question 18

what fluid occupies the vitreous body

Answer 18

vitreous humor

Question 19

the lens is attached to the ciliary body by small strands of tissue called

Answer 19

zones

Question 20

process of bending light rays

Answer 20

refraction

Question 21

what two structures are responsible for refraction

Answer 21

cornea and lens

Question 22

adjustment made in the eye to facilitate the image in relation to the viewer’s distance from the object

Answer 22

accommodation

Question 23

eye chart that measures visual acuity

Answer 23

Snellen Chart

Question 24

measures intraocular pressure

Answer 24

tonometry

Question 25

secretes tears to the eye

Answer 25

lacrimal glands

Question 26

protects the eye

Answer 26

eyelid

Question 27

muscle rotates eyeball downward and medially; adducts;

what cranial nerve

Answer 27

Inferior Rectus; Oculomotor nerve (III)

Question 28

rotates eye laterally; abducts eyeball;

what cranial nerve

Answer 28

Lateral Rectus; Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 29

rotates eye medially; abducts eyeball;

what cranial nerve

Answer 29

Medial Rectus; Oculomotor nerve (III)

Question 30

causes eye to look up;

what cranial nerve

Answer 30

Superior Rectus; Oculomotor nerve (III)

Question 31

Rotates eyeball upward and outward; abducts;

what cranial nerve

Answer 31

Inferior Oblique; Oculomotor nerve (III)

Question 32

Rotates eyeball downward and outward; abducts

what cranial nerve

Answer 32

Superior Oblique; Trochlear nerve (IV)

Question 33

Regulation of lens shape for close vision

what cranial nerve

Answer 33

Ciliary Muscle; Oculomotor (III)

Question 34

Sympathetic stimulation; dilation of pupil

what cranial nerve

Answer 34

Iris (radial muscles); Oculomotor (III)

Question 35

Parasympathetic stimulation; contraction of pupil

what cranial nerve

Answer 35

iris (circular muscles); Oculomotor (III)

Question 36

contraindicated in patents who suffer from heart failure; a glaucoma medication

Answer 36

Beta-Blockers

Question 37

what are the three sections of the ear

Answer 37

outer, middle and inner

Question 38

the outer ear is called

Answer 38

auricle or pinna

Question 39

tympanic membrane is called

Answer 39

eardrum

Question 40

what is in the middle ear

Answer 40

tympanic membrane

three auditory ossicles

Question 41

what are the three auditory ossicles

Answer 41

malleus (hammer)
incus (anvil)
stapes (stirrup)

Question 42

a tube that leads from the middle ear to the pharynx

Answer 42

eustachian tube

Question 43

what is contained in the inner ear

Answer 43

cochlea and labyrinth

Question 44

contains tiny hairs that change the sound waves in the fluid into nerve impulses

Answer 44

cochlea

Question 45

is responsible for maintaining balance; the large overview structure

Answer 45

labyrinth

Question 46

three connected tubes bent into half circles. in the labyrinth

Answer 46

semicircular canals

Question 47

caused by impairment of the eardrum or bones in the middle ear

Answer 47

conductive hearing loss

Question 48

results from impairment of the cochlea or the auditory nerve

Answer 48

sensorineural deafness

Question 49

drug or chemical causes damage to the eighth cranial (acoustic) nerve or to the inner ear

Answer 49

ototoxicity

Question 50

fluid that circulates the inner ear

Answer 50

endolymph

Question 51

most common cause for diminished visual acuity. result in the eye being unable to focus light effectively on the retina

Answer 51

refractive erros

Question 52

what are the 4 refractive errors of the eye

Answer 52

hyperopia
myopia
astigmatism
presbyopia