Chapter 5: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear: Overview Flashcards

1
Q

what is the three processes of vision

A

image formed on retina
rods and cones are stimulated
nerve impulses conducted to the brain

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2
Q

what are the three concentric layers of the eye

A

sclera, choroid, and the retina

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3
Q

tough fibrous connective tissue that is visible as the white of the eye

A

sclera

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4
Q

what layer of the eye are the six extrinsic muscles connected to

A

sclera

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5
Q

continuous with the ciliary body and the iris. vascular portion of the eye

A

choroid

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6
Q

colored portion of the eye

A

iris

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7
Q

posterior three quarters of the eye; made up of rods and cones; nervous portion of the eye

A

retina

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8
Q

function best in dim light, night vision. black and white structures

A

rods

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9
Q

function best in bright light and also detect color and fine detail

A

cones

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10
Q

contains no receptor cells and is located in the eye

A

optic disc “blind spot”

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11
Q

yellow spot, lies laterally to the optic disc.

A

macula lutea

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12
Q

in the center of the macula lutea and produces the sharpest image

A

fovea centralis

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13
Q

thin transparent membrane covers the sclera

A

conjunctiva

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14
Q

between the iris and the anterior clear cornea is called the

A

anterior chamber

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15
Q

what fluid occupies the anterior chamber

A

aqueous humor

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16
Q

what produces aqueous humor

A

ciliary body

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17
Q

large cavity behind the lens

A

vitreous body

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18
Q

what fluid occupies the vitreous body

A

vitreous humor

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19
Q

the lens is attached to the ciliary body by small strands of tissue called

A

zones

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20
Q

process of bending light rays

A

refraction

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21
Q

what two structures are responsible for refraction

A

cornea and lens

22
Q

adjustment made in the eye to facilitate the image in relation to the viewer’s distance from the object

A

accommodation

23
Q

eye chart that measures visual acuity

A

Snellen Chart

24
Q

measures intraocular pressure

25
secretes tears to the eye
lacrimal glands
26
protects the eye
eyelid
27
muscle rotates eyeball downward and medially; adducts; | what cranial nerve
Inferior Rectus; Oculomotor nerve (III)
28
rotates eye laterally; abducts eyeball; | what cranial nerve
Lateral Rectus; Abducens nerve (VI)
29
rotates eye medially; abducts eyeball; | what cranial nerve
Medial Rectus; Oculomotor nerve (III)
30
causes eye to look up; | what cranial nerve
Superior Rectus; Oculomotor nerve (III)
31
Rotates eyeball upward and outward; abducts; | what cranial nerve
Inferior Oblique; Oculomotor nerve (III)
32
Rotates eyeball downward and outward; abducts | what cranial nerve
Superior Oblique; Trochlear nerve (IV)
33
Regulation of lens shape for close vision | what cranial nerve
Ciliary Muscle; Oculomotor (III)
34
Sympathetic stimulation; dilation of pupil | what cranial nerve
Iris (radial muscles); Oculomotor (III)
35
Parasympathetic stimulation; contraction of pupil | what cranial nerve
iris (circular muscles); Oculomotor (III)
36
contraindicated in patents who suffer from heart failure; a glaucoma medication
Beta-Blockers
37
what are the three sections of the ear
outer, middle and inner
38
the outer ear is called
auricle or pinna
39
tympanic membrane is called
eardrum
40
what is in the middle ear
tympanic membrane | three auditory ossicles
41
what are the three auditory ossicles
malleus (hammer) incus (anvil) stapes (stirrup)
42
a tube that leads from the middle ear to the pharynx
eustachian tube
43
what is contained in the inner ear
cochlea and labyrinth
44
contains tiny hairs that change the sound waves in the fluid into nerve impulses
cochlea
45
is responsible for maintaining balance; the large overview structure
labyrinth
46
three connected tubes bent into half circles. in the labyrinth
semicircular canals
47
caused by impairment of the eardrum or bones in the middle ear
conductive hearing loss
48
results from impairment of the cochlea or the auditory nerve
sensorineural deafness
49
drug or chemical causes damage to the eighth cranial (acoustic) nerve or to the inner ear
ototoxicity
50
fluid that circulates the inner ear
endolymph
51
most common cause for diminished visual acuity. result in the eye being unable to focus light effectively on the retina
refractive erros
52
what are the 4 refractive errors of the eye
hyperopia myopia astigmatism presbyopia