Chapter 11: Diseases and Conditions of the Urinary System: Diagnosis

Question 1

what is the diagnosis of Acute Glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

clinical findings and urinalysis-renal tubular cells, and casts present; increased BUN; KUB shows enlargement

Question 2

what is the diagnosis of Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Answer 2

urinalysis, blood tests, radiographic studies, renal biopsy

Question 3

what is the diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis)

Answer 3

clinical findings with presence of gross proteinuria and lipiduria; hypoalbuminemia

Question 4

what is the diagnosis of Acute Renal Failure

Answer 4

BUN, serum creatinine and potassium levels elevated; CT or MRI; IVP

Question 5

what is the diagnosis of Chronic Renal Failure

Answer 5

decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels; elevated BUN, serum creatinine, and potassium levels; decreased urine volume

Question 6

what is the diagnosis of Pyelonephritis

Answer 6

urinalysis of clean-catch urine specimen; bacteria, pus, proteins, and casts; swollen kidneys in radiographs

Question 7

what is the diagnosis of Hydronephrosis

Answer 7

usually diagnosed while focusing on other structures; retrograde pyelography; cystoscopy to rule out bladder tumor

Question 8

what is the diagnosis of Renal Calculi

Answer 8

clinical findings, KUB studies; intravenous urogram; renal US;

Question 9

what is the diagnosis of Infectious Cystitis and Urethritis

Answer 9

urinalysis; urine culture; cystoscopy; dark yellow, pink, or red urine; cystoscopy shows inflammed bladder;

Question 10

what is the diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Answer 10

elevated BUN and increase cholesterol level; protein and pus in urine; confirmed with radiograph

Question 11

what is the diagnosis of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Answer 11

renal function tests-blood protein and pus in urine; MRIs, and intravenous pyelograms show enlarged kidney

Question 12

what is the diagnosis of Neurogenic Bladder

Answer 12

history of trauma or a disease process; urodynamic studies assess bladder function; uroflowmeter

Question 13

what is the diagnosis of Stress Incontinence

Answer 13

endoscopy and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) reveal abnormal blader position; urodynamic studies

Question 14

what is the diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 14

radiology examinations done in the course of working up other unrelated disease; CT; MRI; bone scan;

Question 15

what is the diagnosis of Bladder Tumors

Answer 15

unexplained hematuria over 40 denotes cancer in urinary tract until proven otherwise; urinary cytology; TNM staging