Chapter 3: Immunologic Diseases and Conditions: Overview Flashcards
responsible for the complex response to the invasion of the body by foreign substances
immune system
primary lymphoid tissue is
thymus gland
bone marrow
secondary lymphoid tissue is
tonsils adenoids spleen Peter's patches Appendix
immune system reacts appropriately to an antigen and homeostasis is maintained is termed
immunocompetent
immune system does not react appropriately to an antigen and there is a disruption to homeostasis
immunoincompetence
what is hyperactive responses in the immune system
allergies
what is it in which the immune response is inadequate
immunodeficiency
what is in which the immune response is misdirected against one’s own tissues
autoimmune
an example of attacks on beneficial foreign tissue
blood transfusion reaction
an anti rejection drug is termed; suppress the production of antibodies to the foreign tissue proteins
immunosuppressive
a graft of tissue between two genetically dissimilar individuals of the same species
homografts
reaction occurs during the operation
hyperacute reaction
reaction occurs most often within the first few weeks of transplantation
acute rejection
evolves slowly over a period of months or years. deterioration of transplanted organ
chronic rejection
bodies first line of defense
skin
usually a protein, as foreign, or non-self
immunogen or antigen
what are the three cells in non-specific defense
natural killer (NK) cells
Macrophages
polymorphonuclear neutrophils
kill virus infected cells and tumor cells by secreting certain toxins
Natural killer (NK) cells
phagocytose bacteria, virus, and other foreign substances
macrophages
also phagocytose bacteria; simply neutrophils
polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)
stem cells from the thymus gland become
T-lymphocytes
directly destroy virus-infected cells, tumor cells, and allograft cells by releasing certain toxins or by inducing apoptosis
Cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells) (CD8)
stimulate the B cells to differentiate into plasma cells and to produce more antibodies; activate cytotoxic t cells
Helper T cells (CD4)
inhibit both B and T cell activities and moderate the immune response
Suppressor T cells
remain dormant until they are reactivated by the original antigen; allow a more rapid and more potent response years after original exposure
Memory T cells
cell-mediated immunity involves what cells
T-cells
develop from monocytes and are phagocytic
macrophages
defends the body against viral and fungal attacks, mediates graft rejection and tumor cell destruction, and helps or suppresses an antibody-mediated response to infection
cell-mediated immunity
protects the body against bacterial and viral infections and reinfections
anti-body mediated immunity
anti-body mediated immunity involves what cells
B-cells
what are the two types of B-cells
anti-body secreting plasma cells
memory B cells
what does actions of he antigen-antibody complex do
inactivation of the pathogen
stimulation of phagocytosis
major antibody in primary and secondary immune responses; inactivates antigen; neutralizes toxins; crosses placenta to provide immunity for newborn; responsible for Rh reactions
IgG
where are IgG located
blood plasma
protects mucous membranes on body surfaces; provides immunity for newborns
IgA
where are IgA located
saliva, mucus, tears, breast milk
causes antigens to clump together; responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood typing system
IgM
where are IgM located
B-cells; released in plasma during immune response;
receptor site for antigens on B cells; binding with antigen results in B-cella activation
IgD
where are IgD located
B-cells
binds to mast cells and basophils, causing release of histamine; allergic reactions
IgE
where are IgE located
produced by plasma cells in mucous membranes and tonsils
results when a person has had previous exposure to a disease or pathogen, or when a person receives immunization against a disease to stimulate production of a specific antibody
active immunity
bypasses the body’s immune response to afford the benefit of immediate antibody availability
passive immunity
natural active immunity includes
contracting the disease and produce memory cells; chickenpox
artificial active immunity includes
receiving a vaccination
passive natural immunity includes
maternal antibodies from placenta; breast milk
passive artificial immunity includes
receive antiserum with antibodies from another host; anti-venom
increase susceptibility to other diseases that usually a normal healthy person can’t contract
opportunistic infections
lung infection associated with AIDS
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
of the two pathogens: blood borne and airborne which more easily spreads
airborne
medical doctor who specializes in the nonsurgical treatment of rheumatic illnesses, especially arthritis
rheumatologist
connective tissue is made of
collagen
