Chapter 5: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear: Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of Presbyopia

A

refractive errors; genetic link?

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2
Q

What is the etiology of Nystagmus

A

brain tumors; cerebrovascular lesions; congenital; nervous system

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3
Q

What is the etiology of Strabismus

A

may be associated with amblyopia; disease elsewhere in body

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4
Q

What is the etiology of Hordeolum (Stye)

A

staphylococcal infection; secondary to blepharitis

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5
Q

What is the etiology of Chalazion

A

blockage of fluid originating from one of the meibomina glands, which lubricates the eyelid

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6
Q

What is the etiology of Keratitis

A

infection resulting from HSV; URI with coldsores; bacteria and fungi; contact lens wearers increase risk

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Blepharitis

A

ulcerative form-staphylococcus infection; allergies or exposure to smoke, dust, or chemicals

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8
Q

What is the etiology of Entropion

A

aging; soft tissue of lower eyelids loses elasticity, cuaisng the eyelids to turn inward

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9
Q

What is the etiology of Ectropion

A

aging; decreased elasticity in lower eyelid; scar on eyelid or cheek that contracts and pulls eyelid doward

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Blepharoptosis

A

weakness of third cranial nerve or weakness of the muscle that raises the eyelid

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11
Q

What is the etiology of Conjunctivitis

A

infection, viral or bacterial; irritation from allergies or chemicals;

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Corneal Abrasion or Ulcer

A

foreign bodies being trapped between the cornea and eyelid; fingernail, contact lenses poor care;

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Episcleritis/Scleritis

A

episcleritis- not associated with other conditon; slceritis- autoimmune disorder association

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14
Q

What is the etiology of Cataract

A

opacification of the lens caused by the aging process and condition is present in about 50% of persons over age 75; congenital; trauma

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15
Q

What is the etiology of Glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure

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16
Q

What Is the etiology of Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma

A

block at the level trabecular meshwork impairs aqueous humor reabsorption

17
Q

What is the etiology of Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

A

mouth or opening of the draining system is narrow and and can close entirely, causing increased intraocular pressure

18
Q

What is the etiology of Macular Degeneration

A

age, genetic factors, prolonged exposure to bright lights; abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina

19
Q

What is the etiology Diabetic Retinopathy

A

about 8 to 10 years after diabetes mellitus

20
Q

What is the etiology of Retinal Detachment

A

some caused by diabetic retinopathy; nearsighted; ocular trauma

21
Q

What is the etiology of Uveitis

A

associated with autoimmune disorders; juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; ankylosing spondylitis; other conditions

22
Q

What is the etiology of Exophthalmos

A

enlarged extraocular muscles, edema; hyperthyroidism

23
Q

What is the etiology of Cancer of the Eye

A

retinoblastoma-chromosome 13

24
Q

What is the etiology of Impacted Cerumen

A

dryness and scaling of the skin; excessive hair in ear canal

25
What is the etiology of Infective Otitis Externa
accumulation of cerumen mixed with water; dermatologic conditions; trauma to ear canal
26
What is the etiology of Swimmer's Ear
accumulation of cerumen mixed with water, as during swimming, as a a culture medium for bacteria and fungi
27
What is the etiology of Otitis Media
virus from URI that has spread through Eustachian tube; chronic sinus infection
28
What is the etiology of Otosclerosis
idiopathic; genetic factors; more in women than men
29
What is the etiology of Meniere's Disease
unknown; involve destruction of the tiny hair cells inside the cochlea; increase in endolymph?
30
What is the etiology of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
balance and equlibrium disorders; vestibular system disruption;
31
What is the etiology of Labyrinthitis
result of a virus; bacterial infection spread from middle ear; meningitis
32
What is the etiology of Ruptured Tympanic Membrane (Ruptured Eardrum)
insertion of sharp objection into the ear canal; nearby explosion; middle ear infection; blow to the ear
33
What is the etiology of Cholesteatoma
infancy; chronic ear infection; eustachian tube fails to open or is blocked resulting in pocket in the eardrum to form
34
What is the etiology of Mastoiditis
neglected acute otitis media; streptococcus; associated with cholesteatoma
35
What is the etiology of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
failure or damage to the cochlea or the auditory nerve (vestibulocochlear cranial nerve VIII)
36
What is the etiology of Cancer of the Ear
acoustic neuromas, facial neuromas, and glomus tumors; arise from nerve they are assoicated with or glomus bodies