Chapter 5: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear: Etiology Flashcards
What is the etiology of Presbyopia
refractive errors; genetic link?
What is the etiology of Nystagmus
brain tumors; cerebrovascular lesions; congenital; nervous system
What is the etiology of Strabismus
may be associated with amblyopia; disease elsewhere in body
What is the etiology of Hordeolum (Stye)
staphylococcal infection; secondary to blepharitis
What is the etiology of Chalazion
blockage of fluid originating from one of the meibomina glands, which lubricates the eyelid
What is the etiology of Keratitis
infection resulting from HSV; URI with coldsores; bacteria and fungi; contact lens wearers increase risk
What is the etiology of Blepharitis
ulcerative form-staphylococcus infection; allergies or exposure to smoke, dust, or chemicals
What is the etiology of Entropion
aging; soft tissue of lower eyelids loses elasticity, cuaisng the eyelids to turn inward
What is the etiology of Ectropion
aging; decreased elasticity in lower eyelid; scar on eyelid or cheek that contracts and pulls eyelid doward
What is the etiology of Blepharoptosis
weakness of third cranial nerve or weakness of the muscle that raises the eyelid
What is the etiology of Conjunctivitis
infection, viral or bacterial; irritation from allergies or chemicals;
What is the etiology of Corneal Abrasion or Ulcer
foreign bodies being trapped between the cornea and eyelid; fingernail, contact lenses poor care;
What is the etiology of Episcleritis/Scleritis
episcleritis- not associated with other conditon; slceritis- autoimmune disorder association
What is the etiology of Cataract
opacification of the lens caused by the aging process and condition is present in about 50% of persons over age 75; congenital; trauma
What is the etiology of Glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure
What Is the etiology of Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma
block at the level trabecular meshwork impairs aqueous humor reabsorption
What is the etiology of Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
mouth or opening of the draining system is narrow and and can close entirely, causing increased intraocular pressure
What is the etiology of Macular Degeneration
age, genetic factors, prolonged exposure to bright lights; abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina
What is the etiology Diabetic Retinopathy
about 8 to 10 years after diabetes mellitus
What is the etiology of Retinal Detachment
some caused by diabetic retinopathy; nearsighted; ocular trauma
What is the etiology of Uveitis
associated with autoimmune disorders; juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; ankylosing spondylitis; other conditions
What is the etiology of Exophthalmos
enlarged extraocular muscles, edema; hyperthyroidism
What is the etiology of Cancer of the Eye
retinoblastoma-chromosome 13
What is the etiology of Impacted Cerumen
dryness and scaling of the skin; excessive hair in ear canal
What is the etiology of Infective Otitis Externa
accumulation of cerumen mixed with water; dermatologic conditions; trauma to ear canal
What is the etiology of Swimmer’s Ear
accumulation of cerumen mixed with water, as during swimming, as a a culture medium for bacteria and fungi
What is the etiology of Otitis Media
virus from URI that has spread through Eustachian tube; chronic sinus infection
What is the etiology of Otosclerosis
idiopathic; genetic factors; more in women than men
What is the etiology of Meniere’s Disease
unknown; involve destruction of the tiny hair cells inside the cochlea; increase in endolymph?
What is the etiology of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
balance and equlibrium disorders; vestibular system disruption;
What is the etiology of Labyrinthitis
result of a virus; bacterial infection spread from middle ear; meningitis
What is the etiology of Ruptured Tympanic Membrane (Ruptured Eardrum)
insertion of sharp objection into the ear canal; nearby explosion; middle ear infection; blow to the ear
What is the etiology of Cholesteatoma
infancy; chronic ear infection; eustachian tube fails to open or is blocked resulting in pocket in the eardrum to form
What is the etiology of Mastoiditis
neglected acute otitis media; streptococcus; associated with cholesteatoma
What is the etiology of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
failure or damage to the cochlea or the auditory nerve (vestibulocochlear cranial nerve VIII)
What is the etiology of Cancer of the Ear
acoustic neuromas, facial neuromas, and glomus tumors; arise from nerve they are assoicated with or glomus bodies
