Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of Coronary Artery Diseases

A

plaque in the lumen of the coronary arteries

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2
Q

What is the etiology of Angina Pectoris

A

atherosclerosis causes lack bloodflow to myocardium

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3
Q

What is the etiology of Myocardial Infarction

A

insufficient oxygen supply to the myocardium; heart muscle death

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4
Q

What is the etiology of Cardiac Arrest

A

anoxia or interruption of the electrical stimuli to the heart

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5
Q

What is the etiology of Essentail Hypertension

A

unknown; many factors thought to contribute

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6
Q

What is the etiology of Malignant Hypertension

A

severe form of essential hypertension; extreme stress contribute

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Congestive Heart Failure

A

heart failure and inadequate perfusion; heart attack; compromised pumping action

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8
Q

What is the etiology of Cor Pulmonale

A

emphysema; fibrotic pulmonary lesions; right-sided heart failure

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9
Q

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Edema

A

left-sided heart failure, mitral valve disease, pulmonary embolus, renal failure

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Cardiomyopathy

A

mostly unknown; dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive are types

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11
Q

What is the etiology of Pericarditis

A

idiopathic; consequence of inflammation or infection;

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Myocarditis

A

viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoal infection; complication of other diseases

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Endocarditis

A

bacteremia; Staphylococcus aureus, group A B-hemolytic streptococcus

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14
Q

What is the etiology of Rheumatic Fever

A

after sore throat caused b A B-hemolytic streptococcus; cross-react with normal tissue

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15
Q

What is the etiology of Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

vegetation may become enlarged or the valves may scar, causing stenosis of the openings

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16
Q

What is the etiology of Mitral Stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

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17
Q

What is the etiology of Mitral Insufficiency

A

may fail to close because of scar tissue from inflammation and vegetations

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18
Q

What is the etiology of Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

abnormally long or short chordae tendineae may be the cuase; papillary muscle dysfunction

19
Q

What is the etiology of Arrhythmias

A

disturbances in normal conduction; pacemaker, AV node, purkinje fiber issues

20
Q

What is the etiology of Shock

A

caused by anaphylaxis, hemorrhage, sepsis, heart failure, many conditons; effective blood circulation decreased

21
Q

What is the etiology of Cardiogenic Shock

A

insult that distrubs the heart’s ability to pump blood

22
Q

What is the etiology of Cardiac Tamponade

A

insult to integrity of a vessel in the pericardium

23
Q

What is the etiology of Emboli

A

blood clots composed of air bubbles, fat globules circulating in blood vessel

24
Q

What is the etiology of Atherosclerosis

A

hereditary; fatty diet; cigarette smoking; hypertension; obesity

25
What is the etiology of Aneurysms
buildup of plaque that weakens the vessel wall
26
What is the etiology of Phlebitis
unknown
27
What is the etiology of Thrombophlebitis
venous stasis; blood disorders; injury to venous wall
28
What is the etiology of Varicose Veins
unknown; defective or absent valves may be suspected
29
What is the etiology of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)
long-term smoking of tobacco
30
What is the etiology of Raynaud's Disease
peripheral arteries of fingers, ahnds, and feet spasm and constrict; compromise extremity circulation
31
What is the etiology of Anemias
depends on the anemia type;
32
What is the etiology of Agranulocytosis
drug toxicity or hypersensitivity; reduced response to bacterial infection
33
What is the etiology of Polycythemia
sustained increase in hematopoiesis
34
What is the etiology of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
older than 65. radiation, chemicals and drugs, smoking contributing factors
35
What is the etiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
no specific cause; trisomy of chromosomes 12, 3, or 16, or deletion of 13 may be seen
36
What is the etiology of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
family history; radiation treatment; chemo for Hodgkin's disease; exposure to benzene
37
What is the etiology of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
exposure to ionization is the only known risk factor; abnormal chromosome 22
38
What is the etiology of Lymphedema
obstruction of the lymph vessel or node may be inflammatory or mechanical
39
What is the etiology of Lymphangitis
bacterial invasion into lymph vessels at trauma or ulceration sites
40
What is the etiology of Hodkin's Disease
chemo and radiation therapy prior; family history of lymphomas
41
What is the etiology of Non-Hodkin's Lymphoma
family history; many different conditions had prior
42
What is the etiology of Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction
ABO- and Rh-imcompatible blood;
43
What is the etiology of Classic Hemphilia
X-linked genetic disorder im males; carrier mother to her son; Factor VIII inactive
44
What is the etiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
thrombin activates the production of fibrin, causing clots to form where they are not needed