Chapter 9: Diseases and Conditions of the Respiratory System: Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of Common Cold/Upper Respiratory Traction Infection

A

group of minor illnesses that almost 200 different virues cause

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2
Q

What is the etiology of Sinusitis

A

viral, fungal, or bacterial infections that travel to sinuses from nose after a cold

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3
Q

What is the etiology of Pharyngitis

A

viral infection; tonsillitis; allergies

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4
Q

What is the etiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

A

more common in males; salted fish diet; high nitrate foods; alcohol and tobacco

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5
Q

What is the etiology of Laryngitis

A

viral or bacterial infection; sinusitis, tonsillitis and other respiratory conditions; excessive use of voice

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6
Q

What is the etiology of Deviated Septum

A

congenital anomaly; trauma to nose

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Nasal Polyps

A

overproduction of fluid in the cells of the mucous membrane; result of allergic rhinitis

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8
Q

What is the etiology of Anosmia

A

nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis; damage to olfactory nerve

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9
Q

What is the etiology of Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

A

colds and infections; trauma; foreign body; many disorders

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Tumors of the Larynx

A

benign tumors-papillomas and polyps-misuse or overuse malignant-heavy tobacco use

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11
Q

What is the etiology of Laryngeal Cancer

A

smoking and alcohol abuse 200-fold greater if done together

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Hemoptysis

A

trauma, erosion of a vessel, calicifciation, or tumors; lung and heart conditions

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Atelectasis

A

obstruction in bronchial tree; mucous, foreign body, cancer plug; any difficult breathing condition

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14
Q

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Embolism

A

mass moves through venous circulation and is pumped by the right side of the heart to pulmonary circulation

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15
Q

What is the etiology of Pneumonia

A

viral or bacterial infection; many different causes depending on type

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16
Q

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Abscess

A

complication of pneumonia caused by bacteria

17
Q

What is the etiology of Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever)

A

L. pneumophilia and are not contagious; Pontiac fever usually occurs too

18
Q

What is the etiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

causative agent of RSV pneumonia;

19
Q

What is the etiology of Histoplasmosis

A

fungus H. capsulatum, carried by dust and is inhaled;

20
Q

What is the etiology of Influenza

A

orthomyxovirus type A, B, and C;

21
Q

What is the etiology of Acute and Chronic Bronchitis

A

part of URI; common cold or viral infection of pharyx and nasopharynx; many other respiratory conditons

22
Q

What is the etiology of Bronchiectasis

A

repeated damage to bronchial wall caused by recurrent airway infections; pneumonia, tuberculosis; other airway diseases

23
Q

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Emphysema

A

unknown; long-term cigarette smoking contributing factor; enzyme deficiency (Alpha1-anitrypsin)

24
Q

What is the etiology of Pneumoconiosis

A

occupational disease caused inhaling inorganic dust particles over a prolonged period

25
What is the etiology of Pleurisy (Pleuritis)
secondary to other diseases or infections; wet and dry
26
What is the etiology of Pneumothorax
opening is present on the surface of the lung; spontaneous or traumatic;
27
What is the etiology of Hemothorax
blood enters the pleural space as the result of trauma, erosion of pulmonary vessel, or hematologic disorders
28
What is the etiology of Flail Chest
direct trauma to the chest wall that fractures trhee or more adjacent ribs
29
What is the etiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis; droplet nuclei;
30
What is the etiology of Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpes virus; carried in saliva and transmitted through kissing, blood transfusions; organ donation
31
What is the etiology of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
secondary to severe trauma; agent of insult that precipitates increased capillary permeability in the lungs
32
What is the etiology of Sarcoidosis
unknown; malfunctio of the immune system or caused by a virus; genetic factors
33
What is the etiology of Lung Cancer
two types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); small cell lung cancer (SCLC)-smokers, rapid growth, metastasizes early