Chapter 9: Diseases and Conditions of the Respiratory System: Etiology Flashcards
What is the etiology of Common Cold/Upper Respiratory Traction Infection
group of minor illnesses that almost 200 different virues cause
What is the etiology of Sinusitis
viral, fungal, or bacterial infections that travel to sinuses from nose after a cold
What is the etiology of Pharyngitis
viral infection; tonsillitis; allergies
What is the etiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
more common in males; salted fish diet; high nitrate foods; alcohol and tobacco
What is the etiology of Laryngitis
viral or bacterial infection; sinusitis, tonsillitis and other respiratory conditions; excessive use of voice
What is the etiology of Deviated Septum
congenital anomaly; trauma to nose
What is the etiology of Nasal Polyps
overproduction of fluid in the cells of the mucous membrane; result of allergic rhinitis
What is the etiology of Anosmia
nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis; damage to olfactory nerve
What is the etiology of Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
colds and infections; trauma; foreign body; many disorders
What is the etiology of Tumors of the Larynx
benign tumors-papillomas and polyps-misuse or overuse malignant-heavy tobacco use
What is the etiology of Laryngeal Cancer
smoking and alcohol abuse 200-fold greater if done together
What is the etiology of Hemoptysis
trauma, erosion of a vessel, calicifciation, or tumors; lung and heart conditions
What is the etiology of Atelectasis
obstruction in bronchial tree; mucous, foreign body, cancer plug; any difficult breathing condition
What is the etiology of Pulmonary Embolism
mass moves through venous circulation and is pumped by the right side of the heart to pulmonary circulation
What is the etiology of Pneumonia
viral or bacterial infection; many different causes depending on type
What is the etiology of Pulmonary Abscess
complication of pneumonia caused by bacteria
What is the etiology of Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever)
L. pneumophilia and are not contagious; Pontiac fever usually occurs too
What is the etiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
causative agent of RSV pneumonia;
What is the etiology of Histoplasmosis
fungus H. capsulatum, carried by dust and is inhaled;
What is the etiology of Influenza
orthomyxovirus type A, B, and C;
What is the etiology of Acute and Chronic Bronchitis
part of URI; common cold or viral infection of pharyx and nasopharynx; many other respiratory conditons
What is the etiology of Bronchiectasis
repeated damage to bronchial wall caused by recurrent airway infections; pneumonia, tuberculosis; other airway diseases
What is the etiology of Pulmonary Emphysema
unknown; long-term cigarette smoking contributing factor; enzyme deficiency (Alpha1-anitrypsin)
What is the etiology of Pneumoconiosis
occupational disease caused inhaling inorganic dust particles over a prolonged period
What is the etiology of Pleurisy (Pleuritis)
secondary to other diseases or infections; wet and dry
What is the etiology of Pneumothorax
opening is present on the surface of the lung; spontaneous or traumatic;
What is the etiology of Hemothorax
blood enters the pleural space as the result of trauma, erosion of pulmonary vessel, or hematologic disorders
What is the etiology of Flail Chest
direct trauma to the chest wall that fractures trhee or more adjacent ribs
What is the etiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis; droplet nuclei;
What is the etiology of Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpes virus; carried in saliva and transmitted through kissing, blood transfusions; organ donation
What is the etiology of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
secondary to severe trauma; agent of insult that precipitates increased capillary permeability in the lungs
What is the etiology of Sarcoidosis
unknown; malfunctio of the immune system or caused by a virus; genetic factors
What is the etiology of Lung Cancer
two types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); small cell lung cancer (SCLC)-smokers, rapid growth, metastasizes early
