Chapter 2: Developmental, Congenital, and Childhood Diseases and Disorders: Overview

Question 1

first two months of gestation is considered

Answer 1

embryonic period

Question 2

from two months two birth of gestation is considered

Answer 2

fetus period

Question 3

what occurs at the end of 1 month prenatal development

Answer 3

arms and legs form; heart forms and beats

Question 4

what occurs at the end of 2 month prenatal development

Answer 4

major brain regions present; ossification begins; blood vessels and cardiovascular developed

Question 5

what occurs at the end of 3 month prenatal development

Answer 5

facial features present; fetus move; heart beat is detected

Question 6

what occurs at the end of 4 month prenatal development

Answer 6

facial features formed; hair appears; joints form

Question 7

what occurs at the end of 5 month prenatal development

Answer 7

mother feels movement; covered with lanugo; skin coated with vernix

Question 8

what occurs at the end of 6 month prenatal development

Answer 8

skin reddish due to capillaries visible; skin wrinkled

Question 9

what occurs at the end of 7 month prenatal development

Answer 9

eyes open; scrotum develops and testes descend;

Question 10

what occurs at the end of 8 month prenatal development

Answer 10

testes fully descend; sense of taste present

Question 11

what occurs at the end of 9 month prenatal development

Answer 11

skin fades to pink; nails reach tips of fingers and toes or beyond

Question 12

what occurs at the end of 10 month prenatal development

Answer 12

skin smooth and plump; lanugo hair shed; turns to a head-down position; full term

Question 13

present at birth but might not be detected until later in infancy or childhood.

Answer 13

congenital anomalies

Question 14

what causes congenital anomalies?

Answer 14

genetic, non genetic, or both

Question 15

result of an abnormal gene taking up residence on one of the 22 pairs of nonsex chromosomes

Answer 15

autosomal inherited condition

Question 16

occurs when only one gene of the pair has the ability to produce symptoms, thus making it power over the normal gene

Answer 16

dominant inheritance

Question 17

what chance does a parent have of transferring a dominant inheritance gene

Answer 17

50%

Question 18

abnormal genetic makeup must have genetic errors on both of the genes of the pair

Answer 18

autosomal recessive inheritance

Question 19

what chance does a parent(s) have of transferring a recessive inheritance gene

Answer 19

25%

Question 20

fluid sample from the amniotic sac between the 15th and 18th week of pregnancy

Answer 20

amniocentesis

Question 21

be performed by the second month of pregnancy. gynecologist guided by ultrasound, directs and instrument toward the placenta in the womb and obtains a tissue sample

Answer 21

chorionic villus biopsy/sampling (CVB/CVS)

Question 22

result when the separation process of identical twins fails to complete before the 13th day after fertilization

Answer 22

conjoined twins

Question 23

conjoined twins occurs more often in female embryos

Answer 23

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Question 24

cranial union conjoined twins are called

Answer 24

craniopagus

Question 25

describes those twins who are joined posterior at the sacrum/iliac (butt) region

Answer 25

pygopagus

Question 26

when the connection proceeds from the breastbone to the waist

Answer 26

omphalopagus

Question 27

transports oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the fetus

Answer 27

umbilical vein

Question 28

fifty percent of the blood from the umbilical vein passes into the liver, and the other fifty percent bypasses the liver by the way of

Answer 28

ductus venosus

Question 29

most of the blood entering the right atrium by the inferior vena cava is shunted directly into the left atrium through

Answer 29

foramen ovale

Question 30

vessel connects the pulmonary trunk to the descending area of the aortic arch

Answer 30

ductus arteriosus

Question 31

travels back to the placenta for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste

Answer 31

umbilical arteries

Question 32

oxygenated blood does not mix with deoxygenated blood and the infant usually maintains a fairly normal pink skin color

Answer 32

acyanotic defects

Question 33

what are the four cyanotic defects

Answer 33

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Coarctation of the Aorta Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Question 34

most common congenital cardiac disorder. abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles

Answer 34

ventricular septal defect

Question 35

results when the ductus fails to functionally close. shunting the circulation from the lungs and instead directs blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

Answer 35

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 36

Abnormal opening between the right and left atria. blood generally shunts from left to right in all ASD

Answer 36

atrial septal defect

Question 37

sign that the atrial blood is not fully oxygenated. blue tinge to the lips, tongue, and nail beds.

Answer 37

Cyanotic defects

Question 38

five main cardiac causes of central cyanosis are: (Only the first two listed are important)

Answer 38

``` tetralogy of Fallot transposition of the great arteries truncus arteriosus tricuspid atresia total anomalous pulmonary venous return ```

Question 39

what four conditions does tetralogy of Fallot contain

Answer 39

VSD pulmonary stenosis dextroposition right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 40

tightening of the pulmonary valve or vessel

Answer 40

pulmonary stenosis

Question 41

displacement to the right of the aorta, which causes the aorta to receive blood from both ventricles

Answer 41

dextroposition

Question 42

abnormally large right ventricle caused by increased pressure in the ventricle

Answer 42

right ventricle hypertrophy

Question 43

what is the notation for a human female

Answer 43

XX

Question 44

what is the notation for a human male

Answer 44

XY

Question 45

deletion of genetic material from chromosome 5 results in

Answer 45

Cri-du-chat (Cat's cry syndrome)

Question 46

symptoms of Cri-du-chat are

Answer 46

microcephaly deficiency of cerebral brain tissue level of mental retardation

Question 47

characterized by hyperactive reflexes or rapid muscle contracts. type of cerebral palsy

Answer 47

spastic

Question 48

characterized by involuntary muscle movements, especially during stress, and reached muscle tone. type of cerebral palsy

Answer 48

athetoid

Question 49

characterized by lack of control over voluntary movements, poor balance, and a wide gait. type of cerebral palsy

Answer 49

ataxic

Question 50

a suspension of dead or attenuated organisms given to stimulate an active immune response that produces more or less permanent resistance to pathogenic organisms and viruses

Answer 50

vaccine

Question 51

***no link between any vaccine and the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)***

Answer 51

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Question 52

***Individuals with autoimmune diseases must not be given vaccines containing live microorganisms***

Answer 52

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